sql训练题

建表

​

CREATE TABLE students (
sno VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, 
sname VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL, 
ssex VARCHAR(2) NOT NULL, 
sbirthday DATETIME, 
class VARCHAR(5));

CREATE TABLE courses (
cno VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL, 
cname VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, 
tno VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL);

CREATE TABLE scores (
sno VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, 
cno VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL, 
degree NUMERIC(10, 1) NOT NULL);

CREATE TABLE teachers (
tno VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, 
tname VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL, 
tsex VARCHAR(2) NOT NULL, 
tbirthday DATETIME NOT NULL, 
prof VARCHAR(6), 
depart VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL);

插入数据

学生表

insert into students (sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,class) values (108 ,'曾华' ,'男' ,'1977-09-01',95033);
insert into students (sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,class) values (105 ,'匡明' ,'男' ,'1975-10-02',95031);
insert into students (sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,class) values (107 ,'王丽' ,'女' ,'1976-01-23',95033);
insert into students (sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,class) values (101 ,'李军' ,'男' ,'1976-02-20',95033);
insert into students (sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,class) values (109 ,'王芳' ,'女' ,'1975-02-10',95031);
insert into students (sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,class) values (103 ,'陆君' ,'男' ,'1974-06-03',95031);

课程表

insert into courses(cno,cname,tno) values ('3-105' ,'计算机导论',825);
insert into courses(cno,cname,tno) values ('3-245' ,'操作系统' ,804);
insert into courses(cno,cname,tno) values ('6-166' ,'数据电路' ,856);
insert into courses(cno,cname,tno) values ('9-888' ,'高等数学' ,100);

成绩表

insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(103,'3-245',86);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(105,'3-245',75);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(109,'3-245',68);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(103,'3-105',92);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(105,'3-105',88);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(109,'3-105',76);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(101,'3-105',64);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(107,'3-105',91);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(108,'3-105',78);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(101,'6-166',85);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(107,'6-106',79);
insert into scores(sno,cno,degree)values(108,'6-166',81);

老师表

insert into teachers(tno,tname,tsex,tbirthday,prof,depart) values (804,'李诚','男','1958-12-02','副教授','计算机系');
insert into teachers(tno,tname,tsex,tbirthday,prof,depart) values (856,'张旭','男','1969-03-12','讲师','电子工程系');
insert into teachers(tno,tname,tsex,tbirthday,prof,depart) values (825,'王萍','女','1972-05-05','助教','计算机系');
insert into teachers(tno,tname,tsex,tbirthday,prof,depart) values (831,'刘冰','女','1977-08-14','助教','电子工程系');

1、 查询Student表中的所有记录的Sname、Ssex和Class列

select sname,ssex,class from students;

2、 查询教师所有的单位即不重复的Depart列
select distinct depart from teachers;

3、 查询Student表的所有记录
select * from students;

4、 查询Score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录
select * from scores where degree between 60 and 80;(这里不能写成80 and 60，否则会出现Empty set显示为空集)

5、 查询Score表中成绩为85，86或88的记录
select * from scores where degree in (85,86,88);

6、 查询Student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录
select * from students where class=95031 or ssex='女';

7、 以Class降序查询Student表的所有记录
select * from students order by class desc;

8、 以Cno升序、Degree降序查询Score表的所有记录
select * from scores order by cno,degree desc;

9、 查询“95031”班的学生人数
select count(sno) from students where class=95031;

10、查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号
select sno,cno from scores order by degree desc limit 1;

11、查询‘3-105’号课程的平均分
select avg(degree) from scores where cno='3-105';

12、查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数
select cno,avg(degree) from scores where cno like '3%' group by cno having count(sno)>=5;

13、查询最低分大于70，最高分小于90的Sno
select sno from scores group by sno having min(degree)>70 and max(degree)<90;

14、查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree
select sname,cno,degree from students,scores where students.sno=scores.sno order by sname;子查询方式
select sname,cno,degree from students inner join scores on students.sno=scores.sno order by sname;内连接方式

15、查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree
select sno,cname,degree from courses,scores where courses.cno=scores.cno;
select sno,cname,degree from courses inner join scores on courses.cno=scores.cno;

16、查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree
select sname,cname,degree
from students inner join scores
on students.sno=scores.sno
inner join courses
on courses.cno=scores.cno
order by sname;

连续两次连接

17、查询“95033”班所选课程的平均分
select cname,avg(degree)  f
rom students inner join scores
on students.sno=scores.sno
inner join courses
on courses.cno=scores.cno
where class='95033'
group by cname;

在上面连续两次连接后先按class选出来再用cname聚合

这里有个错误做法，最后的聚合不能用group by scores.cno;否则会出现

ERROR 1055 (42000): Expression #1 of SELECT list is not in GROUP BY clause and contains nonaggregated column

这样的错误，原因是聚合函数处理的列必须在select中，所以这里用cname可以而cno不行，

换个说法如果select后面跟的是cno,那么后面的聚合函数可以是group by cno;

18、假设使用如下命令建立了一个grade表：
create table grade(low tinyint,upp tinyint,rank char(1));
insert into grade values(90,100,'A');
insert into grade values(80,89,'B');
insert into grade values(70,79,'C');
insert into grade values(60,69,'D');
insert into grade values(0,59,'E');

 

select sno,cno,rank
from scores
inner join grade
on (scores.degree>=grade.low and scores.degree<=grade.upp)
order by sno;

19、查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录
select *
from students
inner join scores
on students.sno=scores.sno
where cno='3-105' and
degree>(select degree from scores
where sno=109 and cno='3-105');

先查出109号学生3-105课程的分数，然后选出3-105课程的学生

20、查询score中选学一门以上课程的同学中分数为非最高分成绩的记录
select s1.*
from scores as s1
where s1.cno in (
select cno
from scores
group by cno having count(1)>1) and s1.degree <(
select max(S2.degree)
from scores as s2
where s1.cno=s2.cno ) ;

21、查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录
select * from scores where degree>(select degree from scores where cno='3-105' and sno=109);

22、查询和学号为108的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday
select s1.sno,s1.sname,s1.sbirthday from students as s1 inner join students as s2 on (s1.sno=s2.sno and year(s1.sbirthday)=year(s2.sbirthday)) where s2.sno='108';

23、查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩
select sno,cno,degree from scores where cno=(select cno from courses inner join teachers on(courses.tno=teachers.tno and tname='张旭'));

先通过教师表和课程表连接找出cno再到成绩表里去找

24、查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名
select distinct tname from teachers inner join courses on (teachers.tno=courses.tno)inner join scores on (courses.cno=scores.cno) where scores.cno in (select cno from scores group by cno having count(sno)>=5)

注意这里要用distinct去重因为多次连接的缘故

25、查询95033班和95031班全体学生的记录
select * from students where class in(95031,95033) order by class;

26、查询存在有85分以上成绩的课程Cno
select distinct cno from scores where degree>85;

27、查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表
select tname,cname,sname,degree from scores inner join students on (scores.sno=students.sno) inner join courses on (scores.cno=courses.cno) inner join teachers on (courses.tno=teachers.tno) where teachers.depart='计算机系' ;

28、查询“计算机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof

没看懂题目意思，有知道的麻烦跟我说下

29、查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序
select cno,sno,degree from scores where degree>any( select degree from scores where cno='3-245') and cno='3-105' order by degree desc;

30、查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree
select cno,sno,degree from scores where degree>all( select degree from scores where cno='3-245') and cno='3-105' ;

31、查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday
select sname,ssex,sbirthday from students union select tname,tsex,tbirthday from teachers;

32、查询所有“女”教师和“女”同学的name、sex和birthday
select sname,ssex,sbirthday from students where ssex='女' union select tname,tsex,tbirthday from teachers where tsex='女';

33、查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表
select s1.* from scores as s1 inner join (select cno,avg(degree) as avgdegree from scores group by cno) s2 on (s1.cno=s2.cno and s1.degree<s2.avgdegree );

34、查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart
select tname,depart from teachers where tno in (select tno from courses);

35  查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart
select tname,depart from teachers where tno not in (select tno from courses);

36、查询至少有2名男生的班号
select class,count(1) as countboy from students where ssex='男' group by class having count(1)>=2;

37、查询Student表中不姓“王”的同学记录
select * from students where sname not like '王%';

38、查询Student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄
select sname,year(now())-year(sbirthday) as sage from students;

39、查询Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值
select max(sbirthday) as old, min(sbirthday) as yong from students;

40、以班号和年龄从大到小的顺序查询Student表中的全部记录
select * from students order by class,sbirthday;

41、查询“男”教师及其所上的课程
select tname,cname from teachers as s1 inner join courses as s2 on s1.tno=s2.tno and tsex='男';

42、查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree
select s1.* from scores as s1 inner join ( select cno,max(degree) as maxscore from scores group by cno) as s2 on (s1.cno=s2.cno and s1.degree=s2.maxscore);

43、查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname
select sname from students where ssex=(select ssex from students where sname='李军');

44、查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname
select s1.sname from students as s1 inner join students as s2 on (s1.ssex=s2.ssex and s1.class=s2.class) where s2.sname='李军'

45、查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表
select * from scores where sno in (select sno from students where ssex='男') and cno in (select cno from courses where cname='计算机导论');