关于Base64编码的

import java.io.*;

//BASE64 code 4 file
public class Base64
{ 
 static String BaseTable[] = {
"A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P",
"Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z","a","b","c","d","e","f",
"g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v",
"w","x","y","z","0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","+","/"
};

 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  File f = new File("www");;
  try
  { 
   FileInputStream out = new FileInputStream(f);
   byte[] b = new byte[(byte)f.length()];    //我要编码的目标文件的长度(字节数)作为byte数组的容量
   
   int n = out.read(b);        //读出文件的字节数
   if (n < 1)           //没有内容
    return;
   
   
   //System.out.println(n + " "  + f.length());
   byte[] buf = new byte[4];       //base64字符数组
   int n3byt = n / 3;         //3 bytes 组的个数, 3个字节分为一组(注意: 一个英文字母是一个字节, 一个汉字是2个字节)
   int nrest = n % 3;         //分组后剩余 bytes
   int k = n3byt * 3;         //n3byt这些组实际的大小
   int linelength = 0;         // 行长
   int i = 0;           // 指针
   
   
   //3-bytes分组, 把3个8字节的变成6个4字节的
   while (i < k)
   {
    //0xFC对应的二进制是11111100, 意思就是取前6位(因为b[i]的后2位被0与掉了), >>2表示右移2位, 即取前6位
    buf[0] = (byte)((b[i] & 0xFC) >> 2);
    
    /*0x03对应的二进制是00000011, 即留前一个字符b[i]的后2位, 要左移4位, 以便给下4位留个地方;
    0xF0对应的二进制是11110000, 取当前数的前4位作为6位数的后4位, 所以利用>>4, 和前一个数的后2位结合就是共6位了*/
    buf[1] = (byte)(((b[i] & 0x03) << 4) | ((b[i+1] & 0xF0) >> 4));
    
    //类似上面的, 取bytes[i+1]后4位作为高4位, 取bytes[i+2]前2为作为低2位
    buf[2] = (byte)(((b[i+1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((b[i+2] & 0xC0) >> 6));
    
    //最后的低6位作为最后的6位
    buf[3] = (byte)( b[i+2] & 0x3F);
    
    System.out.println("After base64 encode: ");
    System.out.println("buf[0] is: " + BaseTable[buf[0]]);
    System.out.println("buf[1] is: " + BaseTable[buf[1]]);
    System.out.println("buf[2] is: " + BaseTable[buf[2]]);
    System.out.println("buf[3] is: " + BaseTable[buf[3]]);
    
    
    //处理尾部
    if (nrest==2)  //最后还剩2个字节, 差1个字节
    {
     buf[0] = (byte)(( b[k] & 0xFC) >> 2);   //注意啊, 是从k开始的
     buf[1] = (byte)(((b[k] & 0x03) << 4) | ((b[k+1] & 0xF0) >> 4));
     buf[2] = (byte)(((b[i+1] & 0x0F) << 2));    //低4位左移2位变成了6位, 左移会在低2位自动补0的 
    }
    else if (nrest==1) //最后还剩1个字节, 差2个字节
    {
     buf[0] = (byte)((b[k] & 0xFC) >> 2);   
     buf[1] = (byte)((b[k] & 0x03) << 4);   //低2位左移4位变成了6位
    }
    
    
    if (nrest > 0)  //发送尾部, nrest > 0说明是那些构不成一组(一组是3个字节)的
    {
     //即使只有一个字符, 也会肯定输出buf[0]和buf[1]的, 因为一个字符8位可以拆成2个6位的字符
     System.out.println("buf[0] is: " + BaseTable[buf[0]]);
     System.out.println("buf[1] is: " + BaseTable[buf[1]]);
     
     if (nrest==2)
      System.out.println("buf[2] is: " + BaseTable[buf[2]]);
     else
      System.out.println("buf[2] is: =");
     
     //会肯定输出一个=号的, 因为nrest > 0
     System.out.println("buf[3] is: =");
    }
    i+=3;
   }  
  }
  catch(FileNotFoundException e){e.printStackTrace();}
  catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
 }
}