形容词

Adjectives

Attributive vs. Predicative Adjectives

Adjectives are broken down into two basic syntactic categories: attributive and predicative
Adjectives that appear directly before (or sometimes directly after) the noun or pronoun they modify are known as attributive adjectives. 
 These can appear anywhere in a sentence, and can modify parts of either the subject or the predicate.

Predicative adjectives, on the other hand, always appear after the noun they modify,
connected to it by a linking verb. 

Modifying pronouns

• “That was great!”
• “She is very nice.”

Attributive adjectives can also modify indefinite pronouns, as in:
• “A happy few were able to attend the show.”
• “They were the lucky ones.”

Other categories of adjectives

Adjective Phrases and Clauses

Adjective Phrases

• “You have [a beautiful] voice.” (head word beautiful plus the determiner a)
• “He is [a very good] swimmer.” (head word good plus the determiner a and the adverb
very)
• “The helicopters are [controlled remotely].” (head word controlled plus the adverb
remotely)
• “I am [perfectly content on my own].” (head word content plus the adverb perfectly and
the adverbial prepositional phrase on my own)
• “They felt [relieved to return home].” (head word relieved plus the adverbial infinitive
phrase to return home)

Note that prepositional phrases can also function as adjectives. These are considered
adjectival phrases rather than true adjective phrases, because there is not a head adjective at the root of the phrase
• “The cat on the shed was old.” (modifies the noun cat)
• “Please hand me that book over there.” (modifies the noun book)

Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses)

that provide descriptive information about a noun or noun phrase. If the information it
presents is essential to the meaning of the sentence, it is known as a restrictive clause; if it is extra information that is not essential, it is known as a non-restrictive clause.

Relative clauses are introduced by either a relative pronoun or, less commonly, a relative
adverb. Unlike attributive adjectives, they always appear directly after the noun they modify


• “There’s the woman who always sits next to me on the bus.” (restrictive clause
introduced by the relative pronoun who, modifying woman)
• “The book that I wrote is being published in January.” (restrictive clause introduced by
the relative pronoun that, modifying book)
• “The escaped giraffe, which had been on the loose for weeks, was finally captured.”
(non-restrictive clause introduced by the relative pronoun which, modifying giraffe)
• “The house where I was born is a very special place.” (restrictive clause introduced by
the relative pronoun where, modifying house)
• “I love casual Fridays, when we get to wear jeans to work.” (non-restrictive clause
introduced by the relative adverb when, modifying casual Fridays)

Order of adjectives

order of adjectives:
1. Opinion (good, bad, strange, lovely)
2. Measurement (big, small, tiny, huge)
3. Shape (curved, straight, round, square)
4. Condition (wet, dry, clean, sad, happy)
5. Age (old, young, new, ancient)
6. Color (red, yellowish, transparent, blue)
7. Pattern (checked, striped, plaid, flowered)
8. Origin (American, British, eastern, western)
9. Material (wooden, plastic, steel, cloth)
10. Purpose (sleeping, shopping, work, gardening)
• “I bought an enormous rectangular Turkish rug on my vacation.”

Degrees of comparison

we inflect (change the form of) the adjective to create comparative adjectives or
superlative adjectives.
• “I am strong.” (basic adjective)
• “John is stronger than I am.” (comparative adjective)
• “Janet is the strongest of us all.” (superlative adjective)

Adjectives and Determiners

The most common determiners are the articles the and a/an. 
Numbers can also act as determiners, as in
three books, 10 books, 1000 books, etc.
here are a number of categories of adjectives that are also considered to be types
of determiners—they share the features of both
• demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, those—also called demonstrative
determiners);
• possessive adjectives (my, his, your, our—also called possessive determiners);
• interrogative adjectives (what, which, whose—also called interrogative determiners);
• distributive determiners (each, every, either—also called distributive adjectives;
• quantifiers (many, much, several, little).

Attributive Adjectives

Definition

describe a characteristic (or attribute) of the noun
or pronoun that they modify

Attributive vs. Predicative Adjectives

• “The black dog is barking.”[black is an attributive adjective]
• “The dog was black.”[predicative adjective]
there are certain adjectives that can only occur predicatively. Most, but not all, of these
adjectives begin with the letter “a”:
afloat
afraid
alike
alone
asleep
awake
aware
upset
well
✔ “The baby is asleep.” (correct)
✖ “The asleep baby is in the crib.” (incorrect)
✔ “The woman is well again.” (correct)
✖ “The well woman got out of bed.” (incorrect)

Restrictive vs. Non-Restrictive Attributive Adjectives

• “She was emotional, and would avoid a sad film at all costs.”
• “Titanic was a sad film that no viewer could finish with dry eyes.”
In the first sentence, sad is restrictive: it tells us what kind of films she avoids. In the
second sentence, sad is non-restrictive. We already know that Titanic is the film in
question; the adjective sad simply serves to describe it further

Prepositive adjectives: Before the noun

there are a number of specific adjectives which can only occur before the noun they modify.
Some of these are: 
main, 
former, 
utter,
and mere.
✔ “The main idea is at the beginning of the paragraph.” (correct)
✖ “The idea at the beginning of the paragraph is main.” (incorrect)

Postpositive Adjectives: After the noun

This often occurs in the following cases:

Terms derived from other languages

• Legal and financial terms: 
body politic, 
court-martial, 
pound sterling, 
accounts payable,
and heir apparent.
• Important positions of individuals: 
secretary-general, 
poet laureate, 
attorney general,
princess royal, 
and professor emeritus.
• “One poet laureate.”
• “Two poets laureate.”

After indefinite pronouns

when they modify indefinite
pronouns, such as someone, anyone, nobody, anyone, etc.
• “I wish I could find somebody [perfect] for the job.”
• “We can give these jeans to anybody [tall].”

Some adjectives ending in “-able/-ible”

Often, attributive adjectives ending in “-able/-ible” are placed in the postpositive position:
• “It’s the only time available.”
• “It’s the only option imaginable.”

• “She’s looking for a responsible man.”[有责任感的人]
• “She’s looking for the man responsible.”[某人做错事，需要负责]

After expressions of measurement

• “He’s only one year old.”
• “She’s five feet tall.”
• “The river is five miles long.”
• “The lake is one kilometer deep.”

A notable exception to this pattern is when we discuss weight. 
✔ “She weighs 120 pounds.” (correct)
✔ “She is 120 pounds.” (correct)
✖ “She is 120 pounds heavy.” (incorrect)

When the adjective modifies the object of factitive verbs

When an adjective modifies the direct object of a factitive verb, it is known
as an object complement, and we place it in the postpositive position. 
• “He makes her happy.”
• “I find horror films terrifying.”
• “We painted the wall yellow.”

For poetic effect

Jupiter Ascending, 
The Matrix Reloaded, 
or The Brothers Karamazov, for example.

Predicative Adjectives

Definition

A predicative adjective (or simply “predicate adjective”) is used in the predicate of a
clause to describe either the subject of the clause or the direct object of a verb.

As a subject complement

As an object complement

Sense verbs

taste
smell
sound
seem
feel
look
appear
可以作连接动词后跟形容词作谓语形容词
可以表示动作，可以用副词修饰，其后不可再接形容词

Sources of confusion – Good vs. Well

In most instances, good is an attributive adjective directly describing a noun, while well is an adverb describing a verb, adjective, or other adverb. 
However, well can also function as a predicative adjective, where it usually means
“healthy” or “not ill.” We use it in this sense after linking verbs such as be, get, or the sense verbs above:
Good can be used as a predicative adjective as well, meaning “of a high or satisfactory
quality.”
to talk about an opinion of something, an
emotional state, or general well-being (as opposed to physical health, specifically).

Proper Adjectives

Definition

Why We Use Proper Adjectives

How to Form Proper Adjectives

of the most common endings—
-ian, 
-an, 
-esque, 
-like, 
and -istic

Proper Adjectives for Countries, Cities, and Regions Countries

The most common endings for nationalities are -ian/-ean/-an, -ic, ese, and -ish. 

Cities

regular
• “Let’s have a New York bagel for breakfast.”
• “She has a real London etiquette.

irregular
• “I will never be able to keep up with Parisian fashion.”
• “There is nothing better than Alaskan smoked salmon.”

Regions

	• “An African elephant.”
• “An Asian person.”
• “A European museum.”
• “A South American blanket.”
• “A Middle Eastern film.”

A Few More Notes

• “He was accused of stirring up anti-Chinese sentiment.”
• “I love studying pre-Shakespearean theater.”
“Austro-Hungarian empire.”

有些专有名词化形容词随着时间推移，不再具有指向特定的人／物／位置功能，变成普通名词化形容词
有些普通名词化形容词，在特定语境下表示特定的人／物／位置时，性质变为了专有化形容词

Collective Adjectives

Definition

Collective adjectives are a subgroup of nominal adjectives, or adjectives that act as nouns
• “The rich should help the poor.”
“Rich people should help poor people.”

the blind
the elderly
the hardworking
the homeless
the innocent
the intelligent
the poor
the rich
the sick
the strong
the weak
the young

“French people cook well,”
“The French cook well.” 
the Chinese
the English
the Irish
the Japanese
the Scottish
the Spanish
the Vietnamese

he Germans [Germans - plural proper noun]
(the) Canadians, (the) Russians, (the) Americans, and (the) Slovaks.

How to use collective adjectives

1. We always add the article the before the adjective (except for nationalities that use plural
proper nouns).
2. We always treat collective adjectives as plural nouns. This means that they have to take
plural forms of verbs.
3. We do not pluralize collective adjectives by adding the suffixes -s or -es. They are
already considered plural (except for nationalities that use plural proper nouns).

Common Errors

collective nouns (such as team, staff or class) are inherently nouns in structure and function
collective adjectives, on the other hand, are adjectives that merely function as nouns.

collective nouns are often treated as singular
collective adjectives, as we have mentioned, are always treated as plural.

Demonstrative Adjectives

Definition

demonstrative adjectives modify nouns or pronouns

to specify what we are referring to, 
to indicate whether the person or thing is singular or plural, 
and to give the listener information about that person or object’s proximity to the speaker 
(identifying whether it’s nearby or far away). 

this, that, these, and those

Placement

if they were not followed by a noun, they would become demonstrative pronouns

• “My brother’s favorite toy is this blue train.”
• “I wish I had more of these delicious chocolates!”
• “Can you please go buy me those school books?

Choosing the Correct Demonstrative Adjective

This/That

this and that are used when the person or thing we are talking about is singular (there is only one).
This is used for things that are nearby. 
That is used for a singular person or object that is farther away

These/Those

they are used to refer to people and objects that are plural (more than one.)
These is used for plural objects that are nearby. 
Those is used for plural objects that are farther away

Yon/Yonder

Demonstrative Adjectives vs. Demonstrative Pronouns

this, that, these, and those 
Demonstrative adjectives do what all adjectives do: modify a noun or pronoun
demonstrative pronouns do what all pronouns do: stand in place of a noun
• “This toy is his favorite.” (demonstrative adjective.)
• “This is his favorite toy.” (demonstrative pronoun.)

Interrogative Adjectives

Definition

what, 
which, and
whose.

• “What book are you reading?
• “Which shirt are you going to buy?”
• “Whose computer is this?

How to Use Interrogative Adjectives

What vs. Which

we use what when the amount of possible answers is unknown or unlimited, and
we use which when we either know how many choices there are, or we consider the options
to be more limited.
	• “What movie do you want to see?”
• “Which movie do you want to see?”

Whose

Whose is an adjective that denotes possession, or belonging

Direct questions

in normal direct questions, they are placed at the
beginning of the sentence and are immediately followed by the noun that they modify. 

Indirect questions

 When this happens, they
appear in the middle of the sentence, but they still immediately precede the modified noun.

• “Could you tell me whose socks are on the floor?”
• “Would you mind telling me which way is north?”
• “Do you know what day it is?”

• “You want which computer for Christmas?”
• “You’re going out with whose brother?”

In reported questions

appear in the middle of reported questions
• “She wants to know whose socks are on the floor.”
• “He asked which way was north.”
• “I asked you what day it was.”

Other statements

• “I can’t remember whose socks they are.”
• “I don’t know which way is north.”
• “I know what day it is.”

Common Mistakes

Interrogative Adjectives vs. Interrogative Pronouns

what, 
which, 
and whose, 
can also function as interrogative pronouns.

Whose vs. Who’s

Whose is an
interrogative adjective or pronoun, while who’s is the contraction of who is.

Nominal Adjectives

Definition

Nominal adjectives, on the other hand, are adjectives that perform the function of a noun in
a sentence. They are preceded by the word the and can be found as the subject or the object
of a sentence or clause. 

• “The elderly are a great source of wisdom.”
• “The French have amazing restaurants.”
• “The opposite of up is down.”
• “The best is yet to come.”

• “We should treat the elderly with respect.”

Uses of Nominal Adjectives

Some nominal adjectives are used
to refer to a group of people who all share a certain characteristic, which can be a physical
or non-physical characteristic. Other nominal adjectives refer to a characteristic of an
individual person or thing.

Collective Adjectives

Comparative and superlative forms

Comparative adjectives are those that end in “-er” or are preceded by the word more
• “His brother is the taller, but he is the cleverer.”
• “They gave the prize to the more beautiful of the two.”
• “Of the two cars, we chose the more expensive.”
Superlative adjectives are those that end in “-est” or are preceded by the word most
• “Dan is the strongest.”
• “I want the best for you.”
• “Whenever we have a job to do, you give me the most difficult.”

Other adjectives

However, just about any adjective can be made nominal. They can make sentences shorter
and more concise by avoiding repetitive use of a noun
• Speaker B: “I thought the blue was the prettiest.” (nominal adjective)
instead of
• Speaker B: “I thought the blue color was the prettiest.” (standard adjective)

Other options

we can just as easily say “French people” instead of “the
French,” or “poor people” instead of “the poor.”
With comparative and superlative forms, we can add a noun to provide more emphasis or
clarity.

Compound Adjectives

Definition

Creating compound adjectives

they can be composed of 
adjectives, 
nouns, 
quantifiers, 
participles, 
and adverbs.

Sometimes, other types of words are used to join two (or more) others. 
For example, the conjunction and is often used between two nouns or two adjectives 
to create a three-word compound adjective.

Adjective + Adjective

If two or more adjectives are functioning together as a single unit, 
though, we must use hyphens

• “She had bright, blue-green eyes.”
• “His orange-yellow skin looked very unhealthy.”

Adjective + Noun/Noun + Adjective

• “They went on a wild-goose chase.”
• “I can only find part-time work at the moment.”
• “The dog is a short-hair breed.”
• “I know this is a last-minute suggestion, but hear me out.”
It is equally common to use nouns before adjectives, as in:
• “I’d love an ice-cold soda right about now.”
• “Do you have any sugar-free cookies?

Quantifiers

When we use a quantifier (a kind of determiner) with a noun 
to create a compound adjective, 
we often pair the quantifier with a noun of measurement (length, height, weight, age, or time). 

• “It is the only 10-storey building in the town.”
• “We bought a three-foot sandwich to share.”
• “The eight-pound bag fell to the floor.”
• “This is a very nice 12-year whiskey.”
When indicating age, we often add the adjective old to the end
• “His 11-year-old niece is coming to visit.”

Note that we also use this same hyphenation when making a compound noun from an age,
as in “My 11-year-old is coming to visit.”

• “He bought a $5,000 computer.”
• “He bought a 5,000-dollar computer.”
• “He bought a five-thousand-dollar computer.”
We can also use quantifiers with other nouns, too:
• “There was an 11-car pileup on the highway.”
• “The theater has a 400-person capacity.”

Participles

Past and present participles can be paired with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs to form
compound adjectives.

With nouns

• “There are many mouth-watering items on the menu.”
• “I won’t spend another night in this dust-ridden house.”

With adjectives

• “My old-fashioned aunt would never approve.”
• “There are several delicious-sounding things on the menu.”

With adverbs

• “This company runs like a well-oiled machine.”
• “Our eyes had to adjust in the dimly-lit corridor.”
• “There are a only few well-running cars to choose from.”

Prepositions

• “You need an up-to-date computer to run this software.”
• “I’ve lived in too many run-down apartments.”

Other cases

And

When the conjunction and is used between two words (usually nouns) to join them as a
single modifier, we must hyphenate all three words.
• “I find her salt-and-pepper hair very attractive.”

Proper nouns

use a multi-word proper noun to identify a noun as belonging to a particular
person or brand. In this case, we do not hyphenate the words.
• “Can you play any Elton John songs?”
• “Did you see the Arthur Miller play on Broadway?

Pronouns

• “It turned into a he-said-she-said situation.”

Adverbs before adjectives

• “It was a very brave thing to do.”

Order of Adjectives

Definition

To avoid unnatural-sounding sentences, we group adjectives by type, and we try to
use them in this order:
1. Opinion
2. Measurements
3. Shape
4. Condition
5. Age
6. Color
7. Pattern
8. Origin
9. Material
10. Purpose

Types of Adjectives

Opinion

Some of the most common general opinion adjectives are:
good
bad
lovely
strange
beautiful
nice
The second type are specific opinion adjectives.
• People and animals: intelligent, friendly, unfriendly, hard-working
• Buildings and furniture: comfortable, uncomfortable
• Food: flavorful, tasty, delicious
If you want to use a general opinion adjective and a specific opinion adjective in the same
sentence, the general opinion adjective should come first.

Measurements

Adjectives of measurement can tell us about the size, height, length, and weight of a person
or a thing.
big
small
tiny
huge
enormous
short
tall
long
heavy
light
If we were to use more than one adjective of measurement in a sentence, we would normally
use the adjective that mentions the general size first, and the other measurements after. 
• Correct: “He’s a big, tall man.”
Incorrect: “He’s a tall, big man.”
• Correct: “I bought a huge, heavy table for the kitchen.”
Incorrect: “I bought a heavy, huge table for the kitchen.”

Shape

The most common are round, square, rectangular, triangular, and oval. 
bent
concave
convex
flat	
pointy
straight
twisted
symmetrical

Condition

Adjectives of condition tell us whether something is in a good or bad state.
Some common adjectives of physical condition are clean, dirty, wet, and dry. Emotions like
happy, sad, angry, scared, and excited are also adjectives of condition, as are general states
such as rich, powerful, shy, or clever.”

Age

• To describe people: young, youthful, elderly
• To describe things: new, antique
• To describe both: old, ancient

Color

such as yellow, red,
and blue, but they can also be approximate colors, like reddish or yellowish, or even
properties of colors, such as transparent, translucent or opaque.
If you use both a color and a property of a color in one sentence, the property should come
first, and the color after, immediately before the noun. 
• “A translucent, yellow cup.”
• “An opaque, blue curtain.”

Pattern

Some of the most common pattern adjectives are checked, polka-dot, striped, plaid, and flowered

Origin

When we use a country adjective, like American, British, Indian, or Korean, note that we capitalize the adjective. Adjectives of origin that refer to a general region, such as eastern or southern, are not capitalized.

Material

Adjectives of material tell us what something is made of.
• “A wooden table.”
• “A plastic chair.”
• “A steel railroad track.”

Purpose

Last in the order of adjectives are adjectives of purpose.
• “A sleeping bag.”
• “A shopping cart.”
• “The child was playing with a blue and red plastic robot.
• “The house is big, white, and wooden.”

Using commas with adjectives

Coordinate adjectives

we do use commas between adjectives that belong to the same category. 
• “I bought a heavy, long table.”

Cumulative adjectives

When the adjectives are from different categories, they are called cumulative adjectives.
 we don’t separate them with commas:
 • “I bought a black wooden table.”

Exceptions

Finally, we should remember that like with most grammar rules, the order of adjectives is not fixed, and there are exceptions. We can do our best to keep adjectives in their natural order, but we may encounter variations.

Degrees of Comparison

Definition

the positive degree
the comparative degree.
the superlative degree.

Forming the Comparative and Superlative Degrees

We generally form the comparative degree by adding the suffix “-er” to the end of the adjective, or by using the words more or less before it.
To form the superlative degree, we either add “-est” to the end of the adjective or use the words most or least before it.

“Short” Adjectives

With one-syllable adjectives, we add “-er” or “-est” and double the final consonant if preceded by one vowel

The final consonant is not doubled if it is preceded by two vowels or another consonant, 

*If the adjective ends in an “e,” then you only need to add “-r” or “-st.”)
If an adjective has two syllables and ends in “-y,” we replace “y” with “i” and add “-er” or “-est,” as in:

“Long” Adjectives

Irregular adjectives

Adjectives with multiple forms of inflection

Comparative Adjectives

Definition

Forming Comparative Adjectives

Short Adjectives

When we discuss comparative adjectives, we class them into two types: short and long.
“Short” adjectives are adjectives that have only one syllable, or else have two syllables and end in “-y.” For the majority of short adjectives, we form the comparative according to the following rules:

First, if the adjective ends in “-e,” we just add “-r,” not “-er.” This is to avoid doubling the letter “e.” For example:
• Large becomes larger, not largeer.
Second, if the last three letters of the adjective are in the pattern consonant, vowel,
consonant, we double the final consonant before adding “-er” to the word. 
• Big becomes bigger, not biger.

Long Adjectives

“Long” adjectives are adjectives that have three or more syllables, or adjectives that have two syllables and do not end in “-y.”

Irregular adjectives

Using Comparative Adjectives

Explicitly mentioning both nouns

Noun 1 + be + comparative adjective + than + noun 2

• “An airplane is bigger than a car.”
• “A car is smaller than an airplane.”
• “Cats are more independent than dogs."
• “Jen is smarter than the rest of the students in her class.
• “Running is faster than walking.”

• “Walking is not faster than running.”
• “Is running faster than walking?”

If we are not sure which noun is taller, faster, etc., we can ask by adding a question word like who, which, or what to the beginning of the sentence, and placing the two nouns as options at the end:
• “Who is taller, Mary or Jane?”

－　Omitting one or both nouns
• Speaker A: “I don’t think you should be running. Swimming is easier on the knees than running.”
• Speaker B: “Yes, but running is better for my heart than swimming.”

• Speaker A: “I don’t think you should be running. Swimming is easier on the knees.
• Speaker B: “Yes, but running is better for my heart.”

－　Gradable and ungradable adjectives
We can also use expressions like a bit, a little, much, a lot, and far before the comparative adjective to indicate scale. 
• “Jane is much taller than Emily.”
• “Giraffes have far longer necks than elephants.”
• “Is your dad a little bigger than you?”

－　Expressing Equality and Inequality using as … as
. To describe two things as equal, we can use the construction as + adjective + as. 
• “The apple is as big as the orange.” (The two are the same size.)
• “The table is as heavy as the desk.” (The two are the same weight.)
• “The apple is not as big as the orange.” (The orange is bigger.)
• “The table is not as heavy as the desk.” (The desk is heavier.)

Superlative Adjectives

Definition

Forming Superlative Adjectives

“Short” Adjectives

With one-syllable adjectives, we add “-est” and double the final consonant if preceded by one vowel. 
big – biggest
thin – thinnest
sad – saddest
slim – slimmest
The final consonant is not doubled if it is preceded by two vowels or another consonant,
weak – weakest
strong – strongest
large – largest
small – smallest
If the adjective ends in an “e,” then you only need to add “-st,” as in the case of large –largest
If an adjective has two syllables and ends in “-y,” we replace “y” with “i” and add “-est,”
happy – happiest
chewy – chewiest
sticky – stickiest
furry – furriest

“Long” Adjectives

“Long” adjectives are adjectives that have three or more syllables, or adjectives that have two syllables and do not end in “-y.” 
we use the word most before the adjective to indicate the highest
degree of something, or least to indicate the lowest degree.
careful – most/least careful
caring – most/least caring
gifted – most/least gifted
intelligent – most/least intelligent
beautiful – most/least beautiful
amazing – most/least amazing

Exceptions

fun – most/least fun
bad – worst
good – best
far – farthest/furthest*

Adjectives with multiple superlative forms

Using Superlative Adjectives

We usually use superlative adjectives when comparing the attributes of someone or
something to others, either in a collective group or among several individuals
When we use a superlative adjective in a sentence, we almost always precede it with the word the.
“John is the tallest student in his class.”
“Mrs. Phillips is the nicest teacher among the staff.”
“This is the best book I’ve ever read.”
 We can also identify a superlative attribute of a person or thing compared to him-/her-/itself in other points in time. In this case, we generally do not use the word the.
 • “I am most alert after my morning coffee.” 
 “Flowers are prettiest in the spring.”

－　Omitting the group of comparison
When we use superlatives, it is very common to omit the group that something or someone is being compared to because that group is often implied by a previous sentence, and to repeat the group would sound very repetitive. 
“My brothers are all fast swimmers. John is the fastest, though.”

－　Superlatives for hyperbole
“I’m going to buy my daughter the most beautiful puppy for her birthday.”

－　Expressing the lowest degree
 “Though it was the least intelligent movie that I’ve seen this year, it was the most
exciting one I’d been to in a long time.”
 “He’s the least tidy child I’ve ever met.”