一.常用网络查看命令
1)ifconfig 查询当前所有网卡相关设置
[root@mazha1 ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.10.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255 //此行为IPv4地址,子网掩码,广播地址
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea6:74c4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> //此行为IPv6地址,网络位长度
ether 00:0c:29:a6:74:c4 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) //此行为网卡物理地址
RX packets 24 bytes 2781 (2.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 47 bytes 6151 (6.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
2)route 查询当前系统路由信息
[root@mazha1 etc]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777736
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777736
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
3)网络服务重启: systemctl restart network
二.网络管理
1.基于图形界面的修改方式
1)settings—>network
2)在有dhcp服务器的情况下,我们在设置时可选择DHCP,此时ip地址,网关,dns等都由DHCP服务器分配,无需手动再改。
3)在没有DHCP服务的情况下,我们需先选择Manual ,随后手动填写:ip地址,子网掩码,网关,DNS服务器等信息,详情请百度,或在随后推出的计算机网络篇查阅。
4)保存后,手动重启网络服务使其生效,命令为:systemctl restart network
2.直接修改配置文件
与网卡的基本网络配置相关的文件存放在:
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@mazha1 etc]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@mazha1 network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-eno16777736 ifdown-ppp ifup-ib ifup-Team
ifcfg-lo ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-TeamPort
ifdown ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep ifdown-Team ifup-isdn ifup-wireless
ifdown-eth ifdown-TeamPort ifup-plip init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ib ifdown-tunnel ifup-plusb network-functions
ifdown-ippp ifup ifup-post network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ipv6 ifup-aliases ifup-ppp
ifdown-isdn ifup-bnep ifup-routes
ifdown-post ifup-eth ifup-sit
#以下为网卡基本网络配置:DHCP模式:
TYPE=Ethernet //网卡类型,这里是以太网卡
BOOTPROTO=dhcp //网络配置类型
NAME=eno16777736 //配置名称
DEVICE=eno16777736 //设备名称
ONBOOT=yes //开机自启
#以下为手动配置:static模式:
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static //静态模式
NAME=eno16777736
DEVICE=eno16777736
IPADDR=192.168.10.22 //手动加入ip地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 //子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.10.1 //网关
DNS1=114.114.114.114 //域名解析服务器
ONBOOT=yes
注:网关与DNS可以在全局文件中统一配置,不用一个一个网卡进行设置哦~~
全局网关配置文件:/etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
HOSTNAME=mazha1
GATEWAY=192.268.10.2
NETWORKING=yes<strong>
</strong>
全局DNS配置:
# No nameservers found; try putting DNS servers into your
# ifcfg files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts like so:
#
# DNS1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
# DNS2=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
# DOMAIN=lab.foo.com bar.foo.com
nameserver 114.114.114.114 //此行设置dns服务器
127.0.0.1 localhost mazha1 localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost mazha1 localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.2 mazha.cn<strong>
</strong>
#格式:ip地址 域名
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">注:要设置默认域名解析选择位置,可以改变/etc/nsswitch.conf 实现</span>
39 hosts: files dns myhostname //交换 files与dns的顺序,即可实现更改默认域名解析
40
三.配置DHCP服务器
注:本文只对DHCP服务器的搭建做简单介绍,有关 DHCP 更多知识,请百度或等待后续网络专篇
如何搭建一个简单的DHCP服务器?
1.yum 安装dhcp服务
2.查看dhcp配置文件 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 此时配置文件为空/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
3.将/etc/share/doc/dhcp-xxx/dhcpd.conf.example 复制到/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
4.修改配置文件:
1 # dhcpd.conf
2 #
3 # Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
4 #
5
6 # option definitions common to all supported networks...
7 option domain-name "mazha.cn"; //设置你的DHCP主机名
8 option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8; //设置DNS服务器
9
10 default-lease-time 3600; //默认地址有效期 单位为秒
11 max-lease-time 7200; //最大有效期
27 # This is a very basic subnet declaration.
28 #保留一个subnet设置,其余删除
29 subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { //设置子网地址和掩码
30 range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253; //设置子网地址池
31 }
5.systemctl restart dhcpd //重启DHCP服务
systemctl enable dhcpd //开机自启DHCP
注:在服务器端查询dhcp分配历史:vim/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
当配置问题或其他问题时:可以查询日志文件:/var/log/message
在操作之前先清空日志 > /var/log/message 可以查询到错误日志