Servlet的创建以及Servlet的生命周期

创建一个web项目

创建一个类，继承HttpServlet：

package com.demo.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet类：
 * 1.让新建的类继承HttpServlet(把Servlet类交给服务器实例化)
 * 2.在web.xml中配置servlet 和servlet-mapping
 * 	客户端提交请求的方式
 * 	GET:不安全，提交数据显示到地址栏上
 * 	POST:安全，提交的数据封装到form中的header中
 * 3.父类中的service方法分发处理调用doGet和doPost方法
 * 4.Servlet生命周期
 * 	实例化(web容器) -> 调用init -> 调用service -> 销毁(destroy,服务器正常关闭时调用)
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet{
	public MyServlet() {
		System.out.println("xxx");
	}
	
	//控制表单提交方式的分发处理操作
	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("service");
		//获取客户端提交的请求方式
		String method = req.getMethod();
		if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
			doGet(req, resp);
		} else if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
			doPost(req, resp);
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("初始化Servlet");
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("GET");
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("POST");
	}
	
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("销毁");
	}
}

在web.xml中配置Servlet  和Servlet映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>ServletDetail</display-name>
  <!-- Servlet配置 -->
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
  	<!-- 
  		//服务器端使用反射创建类的实例
  		Tomcat端 -> JVM:Class.forName("com.demo.servlet.MyServlet").newInstance();
  	 -->
	<servlet-class>com.demo.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!-- Servlet映射 -->
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<!-- 与Servlet配置中的servlet-name配对 -->
  	<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
  	<!-- 
  	映射路径 
	<form action="testServlet" method="post">
  	-->
  	<url-pattern>/testServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>