第一步:添加生成二维码时需要的jar包
如果是maven项目,在pom.xml中添加配置如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
<artifactId>core</artifactId>
<version>3.3.3</version>
</dependency>
如果不是maven项目,需要手工把jar包导入到项目中。
jar包目录如下,请自行选择要使用的版本。
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.zxing/core
第二步:实现LuminanceSource抽象类
实现LuminanceSource抽象类,需要自行实现几个方法:
public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row);
public byte[] getMatrix();
例子如下:
package com.algorithm.utils;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
private final BufferedImage image;
private final int left;
private final int top;
public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
}
public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
super(width, height);
int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
}
for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
}
}
}
this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
this.left = left;
this.top = top;
}
@Override
public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("row(" + y + ") is to large");
}
int width = getWidth();
if (row == null || row.length < width) {
row = new byte[width];
}
image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
return row;
}
@Override
public byte[] getMatrix() {
int width = getWidth();
int height = getHeight();
int area = width * height;
byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
return matrix;
}
@Override
public boolean isCropSupported() {
return true;
}
@Override
public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
}
@Override
public boolean isRotateSupported() {
return true;
}
@Override
public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
g.dispose();
int width = getWidth();
return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
}
}
第三步:写自己的Utils
写utils的时候,可以固定生成二维码图片的大小、格式等。
下面例子包含生成固定大小的二维码和生成自定义大小的二维码的方法。
package com.algorithm.utils;
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
public class QRCodeUtils {
// 二维码的字符编码
private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
// 二维码的文件类型
private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
// 二维码尺寸
private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
// 内嵌图片宽度
private static final int WIDTH = 60;
// 内嵌图片高度
private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
/**
* 创建固定大小的二维码图片
* @param content 二维码包含的URL
* @param imgPath 内嵌图片的URL地址,如果不需要内嵌图片,可以传null
* @param needCompress 内嵌图片是否需要压缩大小
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE,
QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
}
}
if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
return image;
}
// 插入图片
QRCodeUtils.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
return image;
}
/**
* 在二维码中插入图片
* @param source 原二维码
* @param imgPath 要内嵌的图片的URL
* @param needCompress 是否需要压缩。此处的压缩是固定大小的
* @throws Exception
*/
private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
File file = new File(imgPath);
if (!file.exists()) {
System.err.println("" + imgPath + " 该文件不存在!");
return;
}
Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
int width = src.getWidth(null);
int height = src.getHeight(null);
if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
if (width > WIDTH) {
width = WIDTH;
}
if (height > HEIGHT) {
height = HEIGHT;
}
Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
g.dispose();
src = image;
}
// 插入LOGO
Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
graph.draw(shape);
graph.dispose();
}
/**
* 可对外发布的生成二维码的方法
* @param content 二维码的URL
* @param imgPath 内嵌图片的URL,不需要内嵌图片可传null
* @param destPath 生成二维码图片的保存地址
* @param needCompress 内嵌图片是否需要压缩
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtils.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
mkdirs(destPath);
ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
}
public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
return QRCodeUtils.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
}
private static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
File file = new File(destPath);
// 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
file.mkdirs();
}
}
/**
* 对外可发布的生成二维码的方法
* @param content 二维码的URL
* @param imgPath 内嵌图片的URL,不需要内嵌图片可传null
* @param destPath 生成二维码图片的保存地址
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
QRCodeUtils.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
}
/**
* 可对外发布的生成二维码的方法
* @param content 二维码的URL
* @param destPath 生成二维码图片的保存地址
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
QRCodeUtils.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
}
/**
* 可对外发布的生成二维码的方法
* @param content 二维码的URL
* @param imgPath 内嵌图片的URL,不需要内嵌图片可传null
* @param output 生成二维码图片的输出流
* @param needCompress 内嵌图片是否需要压缩
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
throws Exception {
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtils.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
}
/**
* 可对外发布的生成二维码的方法
* @param content 二维码的URL
* @param output 生成二维码图片的输出流
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
QRCodeUtils.encode(content, null, output, false);
}
/**
* 解析文件中的二维码所包含的URL
* @param file 需要解析的文件
* @return 解析出来的URL
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image;
image = ImageIO.read(file);
if (image == null) {
return null;
}
BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
Result result;
Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
String resultStr = result.getText();
return resultStr;
}
/**
* 解析URL地址下的文件的二维码包含的URL
* @param path 要解析的文件路径
* @return 解析出来的URL
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
return QRCodeUtils.decode(new File(path));
}
/**
* 可自定义图片大小生成二维码
* @param content 二维码的URL
* @param imgPath 内嵌图片的URL
* @param needCompress 内嵌图片是否需要压缩
* @param size 生成的二维码图片的大小
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress, int size) throws Exception {
Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, size, size, hints);
int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
}
}
if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
return image;
}
// 插入图片
QRCodeUtils.insertImage(image, imgPath, true, size);
return image;
}
private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress, int size) throws Exception {
File file = new File(imgPath);
if (!file.exists()) {
System.err.println("" + imgPath + " 该文件不存在!");
return;
}
Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
int width = src.getWidth(null);
int height = src.getHeight(null);
if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
if (width > (size/5)) {
width = size/5;
}
if (height > (size/5)) {
height = size/5;
}
Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
g.dispose();
src = image;
}
// 插入LOGO
Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
int x = (size - width) / 2;
int y = (size - height) / 2;
graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
graph.draw(shape);
graph.dispose();
}
/**
* 生成可自定义大小的二维码
* @param content 二维码的URL
* @param imgPath 二维码内嵌图片URL,不需要内嵌图片可以传null
* @param destPath 二维码生成以后保存地址
* @param needCompress 是否需要压缩
* @param size 生成的二维码图片的大小,二维码为正方形
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress, int size) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtils.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress, size);
mkdirs(destPath);
// String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
// ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
}
}