c语言socket编程（基础）

Sockets Tutorial 对C语言的socket编程做了详细描述，这里记录一下

服务端程序：

/*
 * server.c
 *
 *  Created on: 2016-7-26
 *      Author: qiu
 */

/* A simple server in the internet domain using TCP
 The port number is passed as an argument */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

void error(char *msg) {
	perror(msg);
	exit(1);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	int sockfd, newsockfd, portno, clilen;
	char buffer[256];
	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
	int n;

    /* Allocate a new socket，Returns a file descriptor for the new socket, or -1 for errors.  */
    //the first is the address domain of the socket. recall that there are two possile address domains
    //the unic domain for two processes which share a common file system, and the internet domain for
    //any two hosts on the Internet. The symbol constant AF_UNIX is used for the former, and
    //AF_INET is used for the latter
    //第二个参数表示类型，SOCK_STREAM表示TCP，SOCK_DGRAM表示UDP
    //这个函数返回an entry into the file descriptor table (i.e. a small integer)，this value is used for all
    // subsequent references to this socket
	sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (sockfd < 0)
		error("ERROR opening socket");
	bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
	//portno = atoi(argv[1]);
	portno = 51717;

	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; //这个INADDR_ANY是一个常量0，在服务端就是这个样子？表示本机地址
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);

	//将一个socket绑定到一个地址
	if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
		error("ERROR on binding");

	//listen的第二个参数is the size of the backlog queue,i.e., the number of connections that can be
	//waiting while the process if handling a particular connection
	listen(sockfd, 5);

	clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
	//accept一直阻塞，一直等到一个client连接到server，返回一个新的文件描述符，所有的通信都由新的描述符完成
	newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &clilen);

	if (newsockfd < 0)
		error("ERROR on accept");

	//这里只接收256个字符，超过的被截断了
	bzero(buffer, 256);
	n = read(newsockfd, buffer, 255);
	if (n < 0)
		error("ERROR reading from socket");
	printf("Here is the message: %s\n", buffer);

	//往文件描述符里写信息
	n = write(newsockfd, "I got your message", 18);
	if (n < 0)
		error("ERROR writing to socket");
	return 0;
}

客户端程序：

/*
 * client.c
 *
 *  Created on: 2016-7-26
 *      Author: qiu
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>

void error(char *msg) {
	perror(msg);
	exit(0);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	int sockfd, portno, n;

	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;

	//struct hostent defines a host computer on the Internet
	struct hostent *server;

	char buffer[256];
	if (argc < 3) {
		fprintf(stderr, "usage %s hostname port\n", argv[0]);
		exit(0);
	}

	portno = atoi(argv[2]);
	sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (sockfd < 0)
		error("ERROR opening socket");

	//通过域名获取关于服务器的描述
	server = gethostbyname(argv[1]);
	if (server == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR, no such host\n");
		exit(0);
	}
	bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	bcopy((char *) server->h_addr,
	(char *)&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr,
	server->h_length);
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);

	//establish a connection to the server
	if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
		error("ERROR connecting");
	printf("Please enter the message: ");
	bzero(buffer, 256);

	//从标准输入获取字符，并写入到socket的文件描述符中
	fgets(buffer, 255, stdin);
	n = write(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer));
	if (n < 0)
		error("ERROR writing to socket");
	bzero(buffer, 256);
	n = read(sockfd, buffer, 255);
	if (n < 0)
		error("ERROR reading from socket");
	printf("%s\n", buffer);
	return 0;
}