爬虫练习和json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

问题解答

可能是请求的url返回的类型是text，不是json无法解析，打印res.text试试
反爬机制，UA伪装

反爬机制，UA伪装

一、关于爬虫的第一个练习，百度关键词网页缓存

反爬机制，UA伪装

# 作为第一个爬虫练习，爬取网页并且保存为html格式
# 1、知识点，requests get方法
# 2、反爬机制，UA

import requests

def request_baidu():
    url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s'
    keyword = input('输入需要搜索的关键词：')
    param = {
        'wd': keyword
    }
    header = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36'
    }
    res = requests.get(url=url, params=param, headers=header)
    print(res.json())
    with open(f'{keyword}.html', 'wt+', encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as f:
        f.write(res.text)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    request_baidu()

---

二、百度翻译，post的使用

1、requests 的post 使用data传参
2、当返回的报文中的格式可以解析为json，使用.json方法进行格式解析
3、json.dumps 可以赋值给变量，json.dump 可以使用fp写入文件

# 作为第二个爬虫练习，查看百度翻译返回的结果（json），并保存
# 1、知识点，requests post方法
# 2、知识点，json的解析，和字符串编码

import requests
import json

def request_baidu_translation():
    url = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'
    keyword = input('输入需要搜索的关键词：')
    param = {
        'kw': keyword
    }
    header = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36'
    }
    res = requests.post(url=url, data=param, headers=header)
    with open(f'{keyword}.json', 'wt+', encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as f:
        a = json.dumps(res.json(), ensure_ascii=False)
        f.write(a)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    request_baidu_translation()

---

三、豆瓣排行榜爬取，动态Ajax分析

post 多个参数传递

# 作为第三个爬虫练习，动态爬取豆瓣排行榜
# 1、知识点，多个参数分析

import requests
import json

def request_baidu_translation():
    url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list'
    param = {
        'type': 24,
        'interval_id': '100:90',
        'action': '',
        'start': 0,
        'limit': 100
    }
    header = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36'
    }
    res = requests.get(url=url, params=param, headers=header)
    print(res.json())
    return res.json()

def write_json(res_json):
    keyword = input('输入存储的文件名称：')
    with open(f'{keyword}.json', 'wt+', encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as f:
        a = json.dumps(res_json, ensure_ascii=False)
        f.write(a)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    res_json = request_baidu_translation()
    write_json(res_json=res_json)

---

四、KFC商家爬取，知识的复习

# 作为第四个爬虫练习，查看百度翻译返回的结果（json），并保存
# 1、知识点，复习巩固

import requests
import json

def request_baidu_translation():
    url = 'http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=keyword'
    keyword = input('文件名字：')
    param = {
        'cname': '',
        'pid': '',
        'keyword': '郫',
        'pageIndex': 1,
        'pageSize': 10
    }
    header = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36'
    }
    res = requests.post(url=url, data=param, headers=header)
    with open(f'{keyword}.json', 'wt+', encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as f:
        a = json.dumps(res.json(), ensure_ascii=False)
        f.write(a)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    request_baidu_translation()

---

五、药监局实战，数据解析和存储

# 作为第五个爬虫练习，查看百度翻译返回的结果（json），并保存
# 1、知识点，多个实战

import requests
import json
import os

def request_baidu_translation():
    url = 'http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsList'
    data_list = []
    header = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36'
    }
    for i in range(1, 3):
        param = {
            'on': 'true',
            'page': i,
            'pageSize': 15,
            'conditionType': 1
        }
        res_all_id = requests.post(url=url, data=param, headers=header)
        data_list.append(res_all_id.json())
    print(data_list)
    if not os.path.exists('Drug_Administration_Data'):
        os.mkdir('Drug_Administration_Data')
    else:
        print("Dir exists")
    for i in data_list:
        if not os.path.exists(f'./Drug_Administration_Data/Page_{data_list.index(i)}'):
            os.mkdir(f'./Drug_Administration_Data/Page_{data_list.index(i)}')
        else:
            print("Dir exists")
        for j in range(15):
            with open(f"./Drug_Administration_Data/Page_{data_list.index(i)}/{i['list'][j]['EPS_NAME']}.json", 'wt+',
                      encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as f:
                json.dump(detail_crawl(i['list'][j]['ID']), fp=f, ensure_ascii=False)

def detail_crawl(ID_EPS: str):
    url_detail = 'http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsById'
    header = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36'
    }
    param = {
        'id': ID_EPS,
    }
    res_all_id = requests.post(url=url_detail, data=param, headers=header)
    return res_all_id.json()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    request_baidu_translation()

notion地址:

https://elastic-scion-778.notion.site/55b704dcb84b4279933cba3b14e6525b

项目来源

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Yh411o7Sz?p=11