linux内核学习设备模型之第二层driver_register

来自：drivers/base/driver.c：
int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)
{
    int ret;
    struct device_driver *other;

    BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);

    if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||
        (drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||
        (drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))
        printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "
            "bus_type methods\n", drv->name);

    other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);   
 //比较好理解的函数，也就是在总线中找到和该驱动同名的驱动
//说白了，就是看看这个驱动之前注册过没
    if (other) {
        put_driver(other);        //如果注册过，那么我们将不再注册，注意减少驱动引用，因为在driver_find中增加过
        printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "
            "aborting...\n", drv->name);
        return -EBUSY;
    }

    ret = bus_add_driver(drv);        //如果没有注册过，那么我们将该驱动加入总线中
    if (ret)
        return ret;
    ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
    if (ret)
        bus_remove_driver(drv);
    return ret;
}

struct device_driver *driver_find(const char *name, struct bus_type *bus)
{
    struct kobject *k = kset_find_obj(bus->p->drivers_kset, name);  
 //这个函数顾名思义，就是在总线集合中找到名称为name的kobject对象，其实就是驱动名称了
    struct driver_private *priv;

    if (k) {   //如果找到了
        priv = to_driver(k);
        return priv->driver;     //返回驱动指针
    }
    return NULL;
}

int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
{
    struct bus_type *bus;
    struct driver_private *priv;
    int error = 0;

    bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
    if (!bus)
        return -EINVAL;

    pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name);

    priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);   //为驱动私有成员申请内存且清0
    if (!priv) {
        error = -ENOMEM;
        goto out_put_bus;
    }
    klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL);   //初始化驱动所支持的设备链表
    priv->driver = drv;
    drv->p = priv;
    priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset;         //设置驱动kobject所属集合，显然这里就是对于总线的驱动集合
    error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL,
                     "%s", drv->name);         //初始化并添加驱动kobject对象到总线驱动中
    if (error)
        goto out_unregister;

    if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {       //还记得我说过这个变量，
        error = driver_attach(drv);       //如果需要自动的去匹配，那么调用驱动匹配函数
        if (error)
            goto out_unregister;
    }
    klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);         //将驱动节点加入到总线链表中
    module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv);

    error = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent);
    if (error) {
        printk(KERN_ERR "%s: uevent attr (%s) failed\n",
            __func__, drv->name);
    }
    error = driver_add_attrs(bus, drv);
    if (error) {
        /* How the hell do we get out of this pickle? Give up */
        printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_add_attrs(%s) failed\n",
            __func__, drv->name);
    }

    if (!drv->suppress_bind_attrs) {
        error = add_bind_files(drv);
        if (error) {
            /* Ditto */
            printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_bind_files(%s) failed\n",
                __func__, drv->name);
        }
    }

    kobject_uevent(&priv->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
    return 0;

out_unregister:
    kobject_put(&priv->kobj);
    kfree(drv->p);
    drv->p = NULL;
out_put_bus:
    bus_put(bus);
    return error;
}

来自base/dd.c：
int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv)
{
    return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
}

来自base/bus.c：
int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start,
             void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *, void *))
{
    struct klist_iter i;
    struct device *dev;
    int error = 0;

    if (!bus)
        return -EINVAL;

    klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i,
                 (start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL));     
//初始化i结构体，我们可以进去看看
    while ((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error)   //在总线的设备链表中遍历链表
        error = fn(dev, data);          //然后将设备和驱动进行匹配，这个fn=__driver_attch
    klist_iter_exit(&i);                 //清除i结构体
    return error;
}

struct klist_iter {
    struct klist        *i_klist;      //所属链表
    struct klist_node    *i_cur;  //链表中的节点
};

void klist_iter_init_node(struct klist *k, struct klist_iter *i,
              struct klist_node *n)
{
    i->i_klist = k;
    i->i_cur = n;  //这里的n为NULL
    if (n)
        kref_get(&n->n_ref);
}

static struct device *next_device(struct klist_iter *i)
{
    struct klist_node *n = klist_next(i);      //以i->i_cur节点为起点，得到链表i->i_klist的下一个节点
    struct device *dev = NULL;
    struct device_private *dev_prv;

    if (n) {       //如果有，返回该设备
        dev_prv = to_device_private_bus(n);
        dev = dev_prv->device;
    }
    return dev;
}

struct klist_node *klist_next(struct klist_iter *i)
{
    void (*put)(struct klist_node *) = i->i_klist->put;
    struct klist_node *last = i->i_cur;
    struct klist_node *next;

    spin_lock(&i->i_klist->k_lock);

    if (last) {      //这里的last为空
        next = to_klist_node(last->n_node.next);
        if (!klist_dec_and_del(last))
            put = NULL;
    } else
        next = to_klist_node(i->i_klist->k_list.next);  //得到链表的第一个节点

    i->i_cur = NULL;
    while (next != to_klist_node(&i->i_klist->k_list)) {  //遍历链表，如果没有到头
        if (likely(!knode_dead(next))) {  //如果发现节点next为有效节点
            kref_get(&next->n_ref);      //增加节点引用
            i->i_cur = next;                   //将i结构的起始节点设为next
            break;
        }
        next = to_klist_node(next->n_node.next);   //继续遍历链表中下一个节点
    }

    spin_unlock(&i->i_klist->k_lock);

    if (put && last)
        put(last);
    return i->i_cur;
}

static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)
{
    struct device_driver *drv = data;

    /*
     * Lock device and try to bind to it. We drop the error
     * here and always return 0, because we need to keep trying
     * to bind to devices and some drivers will return an error
     * simply if it didn't support the device.
     *
     * driver_probe_device() will spit a warning if there
     * is an error.
     */

    if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))   //将驱动和设备匹配，如果成功返回0
        return 0;

//总线去匹配没有成功不要紧，因为，它只是一个很低级的匹配函数，我们还有更高级的
    if (dev->parent)    /* Needed for USB */
        device_lock(dev->parent);
    device_lock(dev);
    if (!dev->driver)
        driver_probe_device(drv, dev);   //驱动去匹配设备的高级匹配函数
    device_unlock(dev);
    if (dev->parent)
        device_unlock(dev->parent);

    return 0;
}

static inline int driver_match_device(struct device_driver *drv,
                      struct device *dev)
{
    return drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;   
//这里就要用到总线的match函数了，所有的匹配都是通过它来的
}

int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
{
    int ret = 0;

    if (!device_is_registered(dev))  //设备是否注册过，显然这里肯定注册过
        return -ENODEV;

    pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n",
         drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);

    pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);  //pm_xxx电源管理类
    pm_runtime_barrier(dev);
    ret = really_probe(dev, drv);    //真正执行的寒酸
    pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);

    return ret;
}

static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
    int ret = 0;

    atomic_inc(&probe_count);
    pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: probing driver %s with device %s\n",
         drv->bus->name, __func__, drv->name, dev_name(dev));
    WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev->devres_head));

    dev->driver = drv;
    if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) {
        printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n",
            __func__, dev_name(dev));
        goto probe_failed;
    }

    if (dev->bus->probe) {        //如果总线的probe函数存在就用总线的
        ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
        if (ret)
            goto probe_failed;
    } else if (drv->probe) {       //总线不存在，则看驱动的probe寒酸
        ret = drv->probe(dev);
        if (ret)
            goto probe_failed;
    }

    driver_bound(dev);  //将设备绑定到驱动上
    ret = 1;
    pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: bound device %s to driver %s\n",
         drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
    goto done;

probe_failed:
    devres_release_all(dev);
    driver_sysfs_remove(dev);
    dev->driver = NULL;

    if (ret != -ENODEV && ret != -ENXIO) {
        /* driver matched but the probe failed */
        printk(KERN_WARNING
               "%s: probe of %s failed with error %d\n",
               drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret);
    }
    /*
     * Ignore errors returned by ->probe so that the next driver can try
     * its luck.
     */
    ret = 0;
done:
    atomic_dec(&probe_count);
    wake_up(&probe_waitqueue);
    return ret;
}

static void driver_bound(struct device *dev)
{
    if (klist_node_attached(&dev->p->knode_driver)) {   //如果设备已经绑定到了一个驱动，则返回
        printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: device %s already bound\n",
            __func__, kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
        return;
    }

    pr_debug("driver: '%s': %s: bound to device '%s'\n", dev_name(dev),
         __func__, dev->driver->name);

    klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_driver, &dev->driver->p->klist_devices);  //将设备节点加入到该设备对应的驱动链表中

    if (dev->bus)
        blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
                         BUS_NOTIFY_BOUND_DRIVER, dev);
}

总体来说，驱动的注册比较复杂，但是我们可以简单概况一下。
1、在总线上找找该驱动有没有被注册过
2、若没有注册过，则将驱动加入到总线驱动集合中
3、在总线上找能匹配驱动的设备
     1、将总线上每个设备进行匹配
     2、首先用总线的match 函数进行低级匹配
     3、然后在用总线的probe函数进行高级匹配，若失败，则用驱动上的probe寒酸进行高级匹配
     4、如果匹配成功，则将设备绑定到驱动链表中
4、如果匹配成功，则将驱动加入到总线的驱动链表中