Python调用REST API接口的几种方式汇总

相信做过自动化运维的同学都用过REST API接口来完成某些动作。API是一套成熟系统所必需的接口，可以被其他系统或脚本来调用，这也是自动化运维的必修课。

本文主要介绍python中调用REST API的几种方式，下面是python中会用到的库。

• - urllib2
• - httplib2
• - pycurl
• - requests

urllib2

- Sample1

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import urllib2, urllib github_url = 'https://api.github.com/user/repos' password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() password_manager.add_password(None, github_url, 'user', '***') auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) # create an authentication handler opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth) # create an opener with the authentication handler urllib2.install_opener(opener) # install the opener... request = urllib2.Request(github_url, urllib.urlencode({'name':'Test repo', 'description': 'Some test repository'})) # Manual encoding required handler = urllib2.urlopen(request) print handler.read()

- Sample2

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import urllib2 url = 'http://ems.vip.ebay.com/removeSIforcloud.cgi?ip=' + ip req = urllib2.Request(url) req.add_header('IAF',abc.token_authiaas) try:   resp = urllib2.urlopen(req) except urllib2.HTTPError, error:   print "Cannot remove service instance!", error   sys.exit(1) response = resp.read() print response

- Sample3

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import urllib2, urllib, base64 url = "https://reparo.stratus.ebay.com/reparo/bootstrap/registerasset/" + rackid + "/" + asset data = urllib.urlencode({         'reservedResource':'RR-Hadoop',         'resourceCapability':'Production',         'movetoironic':'False',         'output':'json'     }) print "Bootstrap Asset jobs starting .............." base64string = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (user, passwd)).replace('\n', '') request = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers={"Authorization" : "Basic %s" % base64string}) response = urllib2.urlopen(request).read() response_json = json.loads(response) response_status = response_json['status'] status_code = response_status['statusCode'] status = response_status['status'] message = response_status['message']      print status_code , status, message

2. httplib2

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import urllib, httplib2 github_url = ' h = httplib2.Http(".cache") h.add_credentials("user", "******", " data = urllib.urlencode({"name":"test"}) resp, content = h.request(github_url, "POST", data) print content

3. pycurl

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import pycurl, json github_url = " user_pwd = "user:*****" data = json.dumps({"name": "test_repo", "description": "Some test repo"}) c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(pycurl.URL, github_url) c.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, user_pwd) c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1) c.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data) c.perform()

4. requests

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import requests, json github_url = " data = json.dumps({'name':'test', 'description':'some test repo'}) r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=('user', '*****')) print r.json

以上几种方式都可以调用API来执行动作，但requests这种方式代码最简洁，最清晰，建议采用。

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