将一个子字符串替换为Shell脚本中的另一个字符串

本文翻译自：Replace one substring for another string in shell script

I have "I love Suzi and Marry" and I want to change "Suzi" to "Sara". 我有“我爱Suzi和结婚”，我想将“ Suzi”更改为“ Sara”。

#!/bin/bash
firstString="I love Suzi and Marry"
secondString="Sara"
# do something...

The result must be like this: 结果必须是这样的：

firstString="I love Sara and Marry"

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/tQki/将一个子字符串替换为Shell脚本中的另一个字符串

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#2楼

尝试这个：

 sed "s/Suzi/$secondString/g" <<<"$firstString"

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#3楼

To replace the first occurrence of a pattern with a given string, use ${ parameter / pattern / string } : 要用给定的字符串替换第一次出现的模式，请使用${ parameter / pattern / string } ：

#!/bin/bash
firstString="I love Suzi and Marry"
secondString="Sara"
echo "${firstString/Suzi/$secondString}"    
# prints 'I love Sara and Marry'

To replace all occurrences, use ${ parameter // pattern / string } : 要替换所有出现的内容，请使用${ parameter // pattern / string } ：

message='The secret code is 12345'
echo "${message//[0-9]/X}"           
# prints 'The secret code is XXXXX'

(This is documented in the Bash Reference Manual , §3.5.3 "Shell Parameter Expansion" .) （这在Bash参考手册的第 3.5.3节“ Shell参数扩展”中进行了介绍 。）

Note that this feature is not specified by POSIX — it's a Bash extension — so not all Unix shells implement it. 请注意，POSIX未指定此功能-它是Bash扩展-因此并非所有Unix Shell都实现此功能。 For the relevant POSIX documentation, see The Open Group Technical Standard Base Specifications, Issue 7 , the Shell & Utilities volume, §2.6.2 "Parameter Expansion" . 有关相关的POSIX文档，请参见《 Open Group技术标准基本规范》第7期 ， Shell＆Utilities卷，第2.6.2节“参数扩展” 。

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#4楼

This can be done entirely with bash string manipulation: 这可以完全通过bash字符串操作来完成：

first="I love Suzy and Mary"
second="Sara"
first=${first/Suzy/$second}

That will replace only the first occurrence; 那将仅替换第一次出现； to replace them all, double the first slash: 要全部替换，请将第一个斜杠加倍：

first="Suzy, Suzy, Suzy"
second="Sara"
first=${first//Suzy/$second}
# first is now "Sara, Sara, Sara"

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#5楼

For Dash all previous posts aren't working 对于Dash，以前的所有帖子均无效

The POSIX sh compatible solution is: POSIX sh兼容解决方案是：

result=$(echo "$firstString" | sed "s/Suzi/$secondString/")

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#6楼

It's better to use bash than sed if strings have RegExp characters. 如果字符串具有RegExp字符，则使用bash比sed更好。

echo ${first_string/Suzi/$second_string}

It's portable to Windows and works with at least as old as Bash 3.1. 它可移植到Windows，并且至少与Bash 3.1一样老。

To show you don't need to worry much about escaping let's turn this: 为了表明您不必担心转义，我们将其转为：

/home/name/foo/bar

Into this: 变成这个：

~/foo/bar

But only if /home/name is in the beginning. 但仅当/home/name开头时。 We don't need sed ! 我们不需要sed ！

Given that bash gives us magic variables $PWD and $HOME , we can: 鉴于bash为我们提供了魔术变量$PWD和$HOME ，我们可以：

echo "${PWD/#$HOME/\~}"

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EDIT: Thanks for Mark Haferkamp in the comments for the note on quoting/escaping ~ .* 编辑：谢谢马克·哈弗坎普（Mark Haferkamp）在注释中引述/转义~ 。*

Note how the variable $HOME contains slashes but this didn't break anything. 注意变量$HOME如何包含斜杠，但这并没有破坏任何东西。

Further reading: Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide . 进一步阅读： 高级Bash脚本指南 。
If using sed is a must, be sure to escape every character . 如果必须使用sed ，请确保转义每个字符 。