使用xargs调用多个命令

本文翻译自：Calling multiple commands with xargs

cat a.txt | xargs -I % echo %

In the example above, xargs takes echo % as the command argument. 在上面的示例中，xargs将echo %作为命令参数。 But in some cases, I need multiple commands to process the argument instead of one. 但是在某些情况下，我需要多个命令而不是一个来处理参数。 For example: 例如：

cat a.txt | xargs -I % {command1; command2; ... }

But xargs doesn't accept this form. 但是xargs不接受这种形式。 One solution I know is that I can define a function to wrap the commands, but it's not a pipeline, I don't prefer it. 我知道的一个解决方案是，我可以定义一个包装命令的函数，但这不是管道，我不喜欢它。 Is there another solution? 还有其他解决方案吗？

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/tcgV/使用xargs调用多个命令

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#2楼

One thing I do is to add to .bashrc/.profile this function: 我要做的一件事是将.bashrc / .profile添加到此函数：

function each() {
    while read line; do
        for f in "$@"; do
            $f $line
        done
    done
}

then you can do things like 然后你可以做类似的事情

... | each command1 command2 "command3 has spaces"

which is less verbose than xargs or -exec. 它不如xargs或-exec冗长。 You could also modify the function to insert the value from the read at an arbitrary location in the commands to each, if you needed that behavior also. 您也可以修改该函数，以将读取值插入命令中的任意位置（如果需要），从而将其插入每个命令。

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#3楼

With GNU Parallel you can do: 使用GNU Parallel，您可以：

cat a.txt | parallel 'command1 {}; command2 {}; ...; '

Watch the intro videos to learn more: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1 观看介绍性视频以了解更多信息： https : //www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1

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#4楼

Another possible solution that works for me is something like - 对我有用的另一种可能的解决方案是-

cat a.txt | xargs bash -c 'command1 $@; command2 $@' bash

Note the 'bash' at the end - I assume it is passed as argv[0] to bash. 注意最后的“ bash”-我假设它以argv [0]的形式传递给bash。 Without it in this syntax the first parameter to each command is lost. 如果没有使用此语法，则会丢失每个命令的第一个参数。 It may be any word. 可以是任何单词。

Example: 例：

cat a.txt | xargs -n 5 bash -c 'echo -n `date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S:` ; echo " data: " $@; echo "data again: " $@' bash

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#5楼

You can use 您可以使用

cat file.txt | xargs -i  sh -c 'command {} | command2 {} && command3 {}'

{} = variable for each line on the text file {} =文本文件中每一行的变量

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#6楼

My current BKM for this is 我目前的BKM是

... | xargs -n1 -I % perl -e 'system("echo 1 %"); system("echo 2 %");'

It is unfortunate that this uses perl, which is less likely to be installed than bash; 不幸的是，它使用了perl，它比bash不太可能被安装。 but it handles more input that the accepted answer. 但它处理的输入要多于可接受的答案。 (I welcome a ubiquitous version that does not rely on perl.) （我欢迎不依赖perl的无处不在的版本。）

@KeithThompson's suggestion of @KeithThompson的建议

 ... | xargs -I % sh -c 'command1; command2; ...'

is great - unless you have the shell comment character # in your input, in which case part of the first command and all of the second command will be truncated. 太好了-除非您在输入中输入了shell注释字符＃，否则第一个命令的一部分和第二个命令的所有部分都会被截断。

Hashes # can be quite common, if the input is derived from a filesystem listing, such as ls or find, and your editor creates temporary files with # in their name. 如果输入源于文件系统列表（例如ls或find），并且您的编辑器创建名称为＃的临时文件，则哈希号＃很常见。

Example of the problem: 问题示例：

$ bash 1366 $>  /bin/ls | cat
#Makefile#
#README#
Makefile
README

Oops, here is the problem: 糟糕，这是问题所在：

$ bash 1367 $>  ls | xargs -n1 -I % sh -i -c 'echo 1 %; echo 2 %'
1
1
1
1 Makefile
2 Makefile
1 README
2 README

Ahh, that's better: 嗯，这样更好：

$ bash 1368 $>  ls | xargs -n1 -I % perl -e 'system("echo 1 %"); system("echo 2 %");'
1 #Makefile#
2 #Makefile#
1 #README#
2 #README#
1 Makefile
2 Makefile
1 README
2 README
$ bash 1369 $>