个人使用简洁版
文章目录
前言
Cobbler 是一个 Linux 安装服务器,可以快速设置网络安装环境。它将许多相关的 Linux 任务粘合在一起并自动执行,因此您在部署新系统时不必在许多不同的命令和应用程序之间跳来跳去,在某些情况下,也不必更改现有系统。Cobbler 可以帮助配置、管理 DNS 和 DHCP、包更新、电源管理、配置管理编排等等
一、准备
一台centos7.9虚拟机,可上外网
二、安装部署
1.关闭防火墙和SELinux
systemctl disable --now firewalld.service #关闭frewalld
vim /etc/selinux/config #关闭SELinux
SELINUX=disabled
reboot #重启虚拟机
2.安装eplo源和cobbler相关软件
yum -y install epel-release #安装epel源
yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart fence-agents-all net-tools
systemctl enable httpd #httpd开机自启
systemctl enable rsyncd.service #rsyn开机自启
systemctl enable tftp #tftp开机自启
systemctl enable cobblerd.service #cobblerd开机自启
3.生成一个加密的密码,写入settings文件
openssl passwd -1 #生成md5加密密码
$1$aa6OFDDH$mbfTlBiCZDciofkTquSw/0
vi /etc/cobbler/settings #配置settings
以上是需要修改位置
IP地址为虚拟机静态IP地址
4.配置tftp
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -B 1380 -v -s /var/lib/tftpboot
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
5.配置DHCP功能
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 10.0.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #改成虚拟机网段
option routers 10.0.10.246; #虚拟机静态IP地址
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114; #DNS地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子网掩码
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.10.100 10.0.10.254; #DHCP分配池
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
systemctl restart cobblerd.service
cobbler sync
6.检查cobbler环境
cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
- 使用过很多半办法依旧没有解决,以下是尝试一种方法
yum install -y syslinux
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loader
- 在使用debian才会受到影响,安装fence-agents
7.导入ISO镜像
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ #挂载镜像
cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=centos7.2009 arch=x86_64 #cobbler导入镜像
cobbler list #查看cobbler镜像列表
8.创建kickstarts自动安装脚本(kickstart图形化界面)
cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name centos7.2009-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.2009.ks
获取的kickstarts脚本是默认的设置,无法实现个性化安装,通过kickstart图形化界面来定制脚本。
yum install system-config-kickstart #安装kickstart图形化界面
设置语言,时区,root密码等
选择安装方法
安装新引导装载程序
清除主引导分区
删除所以现存分区
初始化磁盘标签
硬盘分区,如果不设置为自动分区
网络配置
密码验证
防火墙设置
图形化界面安装
自定义软件包安装
执行脚本
设置完成后预览或保存到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/目录下
kickstarts脚本需要自行探索,以上仅供参考
cobbler validateks #kickstarts脚本检查命令
使用脚本前请务必使用该命令进行检查
9.cobbler 常用命令
cobbler
usage
=====
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ...
[add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|hardlink> [options|--help]
cobbler check #cobbler检查
cobbler sync #cobbler同步
systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd #重新cobbler相关服务
cobbler list #查看cobbler信息
netstat -anulp | grep dhcp #检查DHCP服务是否开启
10.cobbler web界面管理
浏览器输入https://虚拟机IP地址/cobbler_web
账号密码均为cobbler
导入的镜像都在这里
主要配置distros和Kickstart脚本绑定
定制化安装
内容较多,这里就不一一介绍,常用为
Distros
profiles
systems
Kickstart Templates
Snippets
11.通过网卡PXE启动
创建一台虚拟机通过网卡PXE启动,这里过于简单就省略。
12.cobbler搭建遇到报错
- 报错No closing quotation
解决办法使用cobbler validateks命令检查出脚本错误,按照报错解决。
- 报错dracut-initqueue timeout
更换ISO镜像包
- 虚拟机安装完成使用yum安装软件报错超时 [Errno 12] Timeout on htt
进入/etc/yum.repos.d/目录发现多出一个cobbler-config.repo,删除后解决rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo