git packfile

参考文档

https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Internals-Packfiles

概要

默认情况下，blob文件存储在.git/objects/CommitID[0:2]/CommitID[2:]下，但是当运行git gc,git push推送到远程分支时，或其他情况下，git会自动将文件打包。

在概念上，blob文件称为loose的，packfile则将多个类似的文件聚集在一起，只存储delta来优化空间占用。

git verify-pack -v .git/objects/pack/pack-978e03944f5c581011e6998cd0e9e30000905586.idx
2431da676938450a4d72e260db3bf7b0f587bbc1 commit 223 155 12
3c4e9cd789d88d8d89c1073707c3585e41b0e614 tree   8 19 1331 1 deef2e1b793907545e50a2ea2ddb5ba6c58c4506
b042a60ef7dff760008df33cee372b945b6e884e blob   22054 5799 1463
033b4468fa6b2a9547a70d88d1bbe8bf3f9ed0d5 blob   9 20 7262 1 b042a60ef7dff760008df33cee372b945b6e884e
1f7a7a472abf3dd9643fd615f6da379c4acb3e3a blob   10 19 7282
non delta: 15 objects
chain length = 1: 3 objects
.git/objects/pack/pack-978e03944f5c581011e6998cd0e9e30000905586.pack: ok

上面的例子显示, 033b引用b042a文件。越早的版本越以delta的形式存储，最新的版本则是完整的文件，因为最可能被访问的文件是最近的版本。

相关命令

   index-pack           Build pack index file for an existing packed archive
   multi-pack-index     Write and verify multi-pack-indexes
   pack-objects         Create a packed archive of objects
   prune-packed         Remove extra objects that are already in pack files
   unpack-objects       Unpack objects from a packed archive
   
   pack-redundant       Find redundant pack files
   show-index           Show packed archive index
   unpack-file          Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
   verify-pack          Validate packed Git archive files