SpringCloud+SpringAlibaba (五)

SpringAlibaba

概述

由于Spring Cloud Netflix项目进入维护模式：https://spring.io/blog/2018/12/12/spring-cloud-greenwich-rc1-available-now
需要新的组件来进行替代
由此，诞生了SpringCloud Alibaba：https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/blob/master/README-zh.md
支持：

组件简介：

Sentinel：把流量作为切入点，从流量控制、熔断降级、系统负载保护等多个维度保护服务的稳定性。

Nacos：一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台。

RocketMQ：一款开源的分布式消息系统，基于高可用分布式集群技术，提供低延时的、高可靠的消息发布与订阅服务。

Dubbo：Apache Dubbo™ 是一款高性能 Java RPC 框架。

Seata：阿里巴巴开源产品，一个易于使用的高性能微服务分布式事务解决方案。

Alibaba Cloud ACM：一款在分布式架构环境中对应用配置进行集中管理和推送的应用配置中心产品。

Alibaba Cloud OSS: 阿里云对象存储服务（Object Storage Service，简称 OSS），是阿里云提供的海量、安全、低成本、高可靠的云存储服务。您可以在任何应用、任何时间、任何地点存储和访问任意类型的数据。

Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX: 阿里中间件团队开发的一款分布式任务调度产品，提供秒级、精准、高可靠、高可用的定时（基于 Cron 表达式）任务调度服务。

Alibaba Cloud SMS: 覆盖全球的短信服务，友好、高效、智能的互联化通讯能力，帮助企业迅速搭建客户触达通道。

NACOS

简介

前四个字母分别为Naming和Configuration的前两个字母，最后的s为Service
一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现，配置管理和服务管理中心
Nacos就是注册中心+配置中心的组合
可替代Eureka+Config+Bus

安装运行

解压安装包即可（依赖Java环境）
运行脚本（bin目录下startup.cmd [linux下是startup.sh]）
命令运行成功后直接访问http://localhost:8848/nacos(账户密码都是nacos)

作为服务中心

cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001
pom

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

yaml

server:
  port: 9001

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

启动类注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient

业务类controller

@RestController
public class PaymentController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/payment/nacos/{id}")
    public String getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "nacos registry ,serverPort: " + serverPort+"\t id"+id;
    }

启动服务，在nacos的服务列表可发现服务

消费者模块
cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order83
pom

 <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yaml

server:
  port: 83


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848


service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

配置负载均衡

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

业务类

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderNacosController
{
    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Value("${service-url.nacos-user-service}")
    private String serverURL;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/nacos/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(serverURL+"/payment/nacos/"+id,String.class);
    }

}

作为配置中心

cloudalibaba-config-nacos-client3377
pom

  <dependencies>
        <!--nacos-config-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos-discovery-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--web + actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--一般基础配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

bootstrap.yml (比application优先级高)

server:
  port: 3377

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-config-client
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #服务注册中心地址
      config:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置中心地址
        file-extension: yaml #指定yaml格式的配置

application.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    #active: dev
    active: test

@RefreshScope（cloud原生注解 自动更新）
在nacos的配置界面直接添加配置文件
文件配置公式
ex:nacos-config-dev.yaml
$spring.application.name-${spring.profile.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}
prefix默认为spring.application.name的值（nacos-config）
spring.profile.active既为当前环境对应的profile,可以通过配置项spring.profile.active (dev)
file-exetension为配置内容的数据格式，可以通过配置项spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension配置(yaml)

分类配置

nacos图形化界面中有配置管理和命名空间
Namespace+Group+Data ID三者关系？为什么这么设计？


DataID方案：可做文件区分
Group方案：环境区分
Namespace方案：空间隔离

集群和持久化配置

https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/cluster-mode-quick-start.html
架构图：

数据库使用的MySQL

https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/blob/develop/config/pom.xml
Nacos默认自带的是嵌入式数据库derby
切换数据库：
nacos-server-1.1.4\nacos\conf目录下找到sql脚本
nacos-server-1.1.4\nacos\conf目录下找到application.properties
修改配置文件
增加数据库配置

spring.datasource.platform=mysql
 
db.num=1
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://11.162.196.16:3306/nacos_devtest?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true
db.user=nacos_devtest
db.password=youdontknow

Linux下集群

安装nacos
需要先安装jdk1.8
解压即可
修改数据库配置（使用MySQL）
在conf 目录下找到nacos-mysql.sql
数据库nacos_config 执行sql
修改application文件

spring.datasource.platform=mysql
db.num=1
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/nacos_config?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true
db.user=root
db.password=123456

cluster.conf
写 hostname -i 命令下的ip，然后使用3333,4444,5555三个端口号，建立伪分布式集群
在bin 目录下修改startup.sh


-Dserver.port=${PORT}
修改后的启动方式 ./startup.sh -p 端口号

nginx
需要gcc、pcre-devel、zlib
yum install gcc-c++ （C++环境）
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel （Nginx的Rewrite模块和HTTP核心模块会使用到PCRE正则表达式语法。）
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel （压缩算法）
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel（如果需要使用https）

解压安装
执行 ./confingure
make && make install
sbin 目录下启动 ./nginx
conf下修改nginx.conf

	upstream cluster{                                               
    	server 127.0.0.1:3333;
    	server 127.0.0.1:4444;
 		server 127.0.0.1:5555;
	}	
 	server{                        
    	listen 1111;
    	server_name localhost;
    	location /{
         proxy_pass http://cluster;
                                                        
   		 }

https://写你自己虚拟机的ip:1111/nacos/#/login
新增一个配置文件
查询数据库是否有新增记录
如果有则成功
改编9002的 yml
使用nginx地址
成功注册服务，表示集群部署成功。

Sentinel

简介

https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel
轻量级的流量控制、熔断降级Java库，类似于 Hystrix

应用场景
服务使用中的各种问题
服务雪崩
服务降级
服务熔断
服务限流

安装

所需环境：java8环境OK、8080端口未被占用
下载下来是一个jar包，可直接运行：java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar
http://localhost:8080，账号密码均为：sentinel

案例

启动Nacos8848成功
工程
cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401
pom

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.6.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

yaml

server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        port: 8719  #默认8719，假如被占用了会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描。直至找到未被占用的端口

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

主启动

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MainApp8401 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class,args);
    }
}

业务类

@RestController
public class FlowLimitController {

    @GetMapping("/testA")
    public String testA() {
        return "------testA";
    }

    @GetMapping("/testB")
    public String testB() {

        return "------testB";
    }

}

在启动sentinel控制台后，启动8401服务，然后执行8401的接口会发现控制台开始监控8401服务
原因：sentinel是懒加载

sentinel是界面化配置，配置可在界面操作台上进行配置
包括：流控规则、降级规则、热点key限流、系统规则

服务熔断注解@SentinelResource
代码：
FlowLimitController

@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
    @SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "deal_testHotKey")
    public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
                             @RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2) {
        //int age = 10/0;
        return "------testHotKey";
    }

    //兜底方法
    public String deal_testHotKey (String p1, String p2, BlockException exception){
        return "------deal_testHotKey,o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

RateLimitController

@RestController
public class RateLimitController
{
    @GetMapping("/byResource")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
    public CommonResult byResource()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
    }
    public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception)
    {
        return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
    }

    @GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
    public CommonResult byUrl()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
    }

    @GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
    @SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",
            blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,
            blockHandler = "handlerException2")
    public CommonResult customerBlockHandler()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按客戶自定义",new Payment(2020L,"serial003"));
    }
}

CustomerBlockHandler.class

public class CustomerBlockHandler {

    public static CommonResult handlerException2(BlockException exception){
        return new CommonResult(2020,"客戶自定义信息");

    }
}

服务熔断功能
sentinel整合ribbon+openFeign+fallback
新建cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003/9004
pom

 <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml

server:
  port: 9003(9004)

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

controller

@RestController
public class PaymentController
{
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    public static HashMap<Long, Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
    static{
        hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
        hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
        hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
        CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort:  "+serverPort,payment);
        return result;
    }



}

新建cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84
pom

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml

server:
  port: 84


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        port: 8719

service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

#对Feign的支持
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true

启动类使用的注解

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients

config

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

使用feign

@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentService
{
    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
} 

兜底类

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
{
    @Override
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
    {
        return new CommonResult<>(44444,"服务降级返回,---PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorSerial"));
    }
}

controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController {

    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    // OpenFeign
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
    }




    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback") //没有配置
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback只负责业务异常
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
     //       exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id) {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id, CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }

    //fallback
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }

    //blockHandler
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id, BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }


}

@SentinelResource就是服务熔断使用的注解
用来定义控制资源、配置控制策略

熔断框架比较


持久化Sentinel规则配置
添加nacos数据源配置

spring:
   cloud:
    sentinel:
    	datasource:
     		ds1:
     		 nacos:
		        server-addr:localhost:8848
		        dataid:${spring.application.name}
		        groupid:DEFAULT_GROUP
		        data-type:json
		        rule-type:flow
 

在nacos添加配置文件
json格式

[
    {
         "resource": "/retaLimit/byUrl",
         "limitApp": "default",
         "grade":   1,
         "count":   1,
         "strategy": 0,
         "controlBehavior": 0,
         "clusterMode": false    
    }
]

Seata

简介

Seata是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务
http://seata.io/zh-cn/
Simple Extensible Autonomous Transaction Architecture,简单可扩展自治事务框架
使用
本地@Transactional
全局@GlobalTransactional
分布式事务的执行流程
 TM开启分布式事务(TM向TC注册全局事务记录)
 换业务场景，编排数据库，服务等事务内资源（RM向TC汇报资源准备状态）
 TM结束分布式事务，事务一阶段结束（TM通知TC提交/回滚分布式事务）
 TC汇总事务信息，决定分布式事务是提交还是回滚
 TC通知所有RM提交/回滚资源，事务二阶段结束。