Redis被广泛使用的一个很重要的原因是它的高性能。因此我们必要要重视所有可能影响Redis性能的因素、机制以及应对方案。影响Redis性能的五大方面的潜在因素，分别是：
Redis内部的阻塞式操作
CPU核和NUMA架构的影响
Redis关键系统配置
Redis内存碎片
Redis缓冲区
在前面的2讲中，学习了会导致Redis变慢的潜在阻塞点以及相应的解决方案，即异步线程机制和CPU绑核。除此之外，还有一些因素会导致Redis变慢。
这一讲，介绍如何系统性应对Redis变慢这个问题。从问题认定、系统性排查和应对方案这3个方面来讲解。
判断Redis是否变慢？
最直接的方法，查看Redis的响应延迟。通过绝对值来判断，比如执行时间突然增长到几秒。
但是这个方法在不同配置的机器上的误差比较大。第二个方法是基于当前环境下的Redis基线性能做判断。
基线性能指一个系统在低压力、无干扰下的基本性能。
怎么确定基线性能？从2.8.7版本开始，redis-cli命令提供了-intrinsic-latency选项，可以用来监测和统计测试期间内的最大延迟，这个延迟可以作为Redis的基线性能。其中，测试时长可以用-intrinsic-latency选项的参数来指定。
一般来说，运行时延和基线性能对比，如果运行时延是基线性能的2倍及以上时，就可以认定Redis变慢了。为了避免网络对基线性能的影响，直接在服务器端运行。
如何应对Redis变慢？
影响Redis的关键因素有三个：Redis自身的操作特性、文件系统和操作系统。
Redis自身操作特性的影响
Redis有两个操作会对性能造成较大影响，分别是慢查询命令和过期key操作。
慢查询命令
慢查询命令，就是指在Redis中执行速度慢的命令，这会导致Redis延迟增加。
排查：通过Redis日志、或者是latency monitor工具。
解决方法：
用其他高效命令代替。比如不要使用SMEMBERS命令，而是用SSCAN多次迭代返回；
当需要执行排序、交集、并集操作时，可以在客户端完成，而不要用SORT、SUNION、SINTER这些命令。
还有一个比较容易遗漏的慢查询命令是KEYS命令，它用于返回和输入模式的所有key。因为KEYS命令需要遍历存储的键值对，所以操作延时高。KEYS命令一般不被建议用于生产环境中。
过期key操作
过期key的自动删除机制，它是Redis用来回收内存空间的常用机制，本身会引起Redis操作阻塞，导致性能变慢。
排查：检查业务代码在使用EXPIREAT命令设置key过期时间时，是否使用了相同的UNIX时间戳。因为这会造成大量key在同一时间过期，导致性能变慢。
解决方法：
根据实际业务需求来决定EXPIREAT和EXPIRE的过期时间参数。
如果一批key的确是同时过期，可以在EXPIREAT和EXPIRE的过期时间参数上，加上一个一定大小范围内的随机参数
文件系统的影响
在基础篇讲过，为了保证数据可靠性，Redis会采用AOF日志或者RDB快照。其中，AOF日志提供了三种日志写回策略：no、everysec、always。这三种写回策略依赖文件系统的两个系统调用完成：write和fsync。
write只要把日志记录写到内核缓冲区即可；Redis被广泛使用的一个很重要的原因是它的高性能。因此我们必要要重视所有可能影响Redis性能的因素、机制以及应对方案。影响Redis性能的五大方面的潜在因素，分别是：
Redis内部的阻塞式操作
CPU核和NUMA架构的影响
Redis关键系统配置
Redis内存碎片
Redis缓冲区
在前面的2讲中，学习了会导致Redis变慢的潜在阻塞点以及相应的解决方案，即异步线程机制和CPU绑核。除此之外，还有一些因素会导致Redis变慢。
这一讲，介绍如何系统性应对Redis变慢这个问题。从问题认定、系统性排查和应对方案这3个方面来讲解。
判断Redis是否变慢？
最直接的方法，查看Redis的响应延迟。通过绝对值来判断，比如执行时间突然增长到几秒。
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但是这个方法在不同配置的机器上的误差比较大。第二个方法是基于当前环境下的Redis基线性能做判断。
基线性能指一个系统在低压力、无干扰下的基本性能。
怎么确定基线性能？从2.8.7版本开始，redis-cli命令提供了-intrinsic-latency选项，可以用来监测和统计测试期间内的最大延迟，这个延迟可以作为Redis的基线性能。其中，测试时长可以用-intrinsic-latency选项的参数来指定。
一般来说，运行时延和基线性能对比，如果运行时延是基线性能的2倍及以上时，就可以认定Redis变慢了。为了避免网络对基线性能的影响，直接在服务器端运行。
如何应对Redis变慢？
影响Redis的关键因素有三个：Redis自身的操作特性、文件系统和操作系统。
Redis自身操作特性的影响
Redis有两个操作会对性能造成较大影响，分别是慢查询命令和过期key操作。
把你的脸迎向阳光，那就不会有阴影
.经验是由痛苦中粹取出来的
用最少的悔恨面对过去
用最少的浪费面对现在
用最多的梦面对未来
快乐不是因为拥有的多而是计较的少
你的选择是做或不做，但不做就永远不会有机会
如你想要拥有完美无暇的友谊，可能一辈子找不到朋友
不如意的时候不要尽往悲伤里钻，想想有笑声的日子吧
把自己当傻瓜，不懂就问，你会学的更多
要纠正别人之前，先反省自己有没有犯错
不要等待机会，而要创造机会。
态度决定命运。
量变引起质变，知识重在积累。
有怎样的开始，就有怎样的结束。
行动是通往知识的唯一道路。
当你能梦的时候就不要放弃梦。
快乐要懂得分享，才能加倍地快乐。
良好的习惯永远是一个人成功的法宝。
总结，就是为了在高考中不留下任何遗憾。
良好的生活习惯对人的一生都至关重要。
一个今天胜过两个明天。
把你的脸迎向阳光，那就不会有阴影。
经验是由痛苦中萃取出来的。
闲事闲话闲思是学习的大敌。
不要被失败吓到，不要被胜利冲昏头脑。
一个成功者只知抱定理想，向前行进。
乐观地对待失败，成功就会向你招手。
你不能左右天气，但你能转变你的心情。
始终保持积极向上的精神状态，就会创造出惊人的成绩。
积极的人在每一次失败中都看到机会。
含累播种的人一定能含笑收获。
一个人最大的破产是绝望，最大的资产是希望。
做对的事情比把事情做对重要。
平时和考试一样，考试方和平时一样。
每天告诉自己一次：我真的很不错。
生活中若没有明天，就像生活中没有阳光一样。
发光并非太阳的专利，你也可以发光。
人只要不失去方向，就不会失去自己。
嫉妒别人，仇视异己，就等于把生命交给别人。
平生不做皱眉事，世上应无切齿人。
嫉妒别人，仇视异己，就等于把生命交给别人。
平生不做皱眉事，世上应无切齿人。
智者顺时而谋，愚者逆时而动。
心量狭小，则多烦恼，心量广大，智慧丰饶。
人若勇敢就是自己最好的朋友
不可能』只存在于蠢人的字典里
抱最大的希望，为最大的努力，做最坏的打算
家！甜蜜的家！天下最美好的莫过于家
慢查询命令
慢查询命令，就是指在Redis中执行速度慢的命令，这会导致Redis延迟增加。
排查：通过Redis日志、或者是latency monitor工具。
解决方法：
用其他高效命令代替。比如不要使用SMEMBERS命令，而是用SSCAN多次迭代返回；
当需要执行排序、交集、并集操作时，可以在客户端完成，而不要用SORT、SUNION、SINTER这些命令。
还有一个比较容易遗漏的慢查询命令是KEYS命令，它用于返回和输入模式的所有key。因为KEYS命令需要遍历存储的键值对，所以操作延时高。KEYS命令一般不被建议用于生产环境中。
过期key操作
过期key的自动删除机制，它是Redis用来回收内存空间的常用机制，本身会引起Redis操作阻塞，导致性能变慢。
排查：检查业务代码在使用EXPIREAT命令设置key过期时间时，是否使用了相同的UNIX时间戳。因为这会造成大量key在同一时间过期，导致性能变慢。
解决方法：
根据实际业务需求来决定EXPIREAT和EXPIRE的过期时间参数。
如果一批key的确是同时过期，可以在EXPIREAT和EXPIRE的过期时间参数上，加上一个一定大小范围内的随机参数
文件系统的影响
在基础篇讲过，为了保证数据可靠性，Redis会采用AOF日志或者RDB快照。其中，AOF日志提供了三种日志写回策略：no、everysec、always。这三种写回策略依赖文件系统的两个系统调用完成：write和fsync。
write只要把日志记录写到内核缓冲区即可；
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