死锁

当两个线程争夺两个互斥、独占的资源时很容易发生死锁。

根据这个原理可以用C#描绘出死锁的情况。

 

 

class Program

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// 连个资源对象

        /// </summary>

        static object res1 = new object ( );

        static object res2 = new object ( );

        /// <summary>

        /// 死锁标志

        /// </summary>

        public static int flag = 0;

 

        static void Main ( string [ ] args )

        {

           

            //启动两个线程进行资源竞争

            System. Threading. Thread t1 = new System. Threading. Thread ( Thread1 );

            System. Threading. Thread t2 = new System. Threading. Thread ( Thread2 );

 

            DateTime dt1 = DateTime. Now;

            t1. Start ( );

            t2. Start ( );

          

            while ( true )

            {

                int count = flag;

                System. Threading. Thread. Sleep ( 0 );

                //如果两个线程处于相斥阶段，则发生死锁。

                if ( count == flag )

                {

                    DateTime dt2 = DateTime. Now;

                    TimeSpan ts1 = new TimeSpan ( dt1. Ticks );

                    TimeSpan ts2 = new TimeSpan ( dt2. Ticks );

                    Console. WriteLine ( "哎，死锁啦！用时："+ts2.Subtract(ts1).Duration().Milliseconds.ToString()+" 毫秒.");

                }

            }         

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 先锁定”资源1“，然后是锁定 “资源2”

        /// </summary>

        private static void Thread1 ( )

        {

            while ( true )

            {

                System. Threading. Monitor. Enter ( res2);

                System. Threading. Monitor. Enter ( res1);

 

                flag++;

 

                System. Threading. Monitor. Exit ( res1 );

                System. Threading. Monitor. Exit ( res2 );

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 先锁定”资源2“，然后是锁定 “资源1”

        /// </summary>

        private static void Thread2 ( )

        {

            while ( true )

            {

                System. Threading. Monitor. Enter ( res1 );

                System. Threading. Monitor. Enter ( res2 );

 

                flag++;

 

                System. Threading. Monitor. Exit ( res2 );

                System. Threading. Monitor. Exit ( res1 );

            }

        }

    }

线程1锁定资源2，然后向获得资源1的锁，线程2正好相反。这时候就产生了死锁。

Monitor.TryEnter(,);

可以比较宽容的加锁在一定的时间段内。