资源国际化

一、使用
属性文件：
config.properties
属性文件内容如下：
name=jack
password=123456

在java文件里面读取属性文件，可以使用ResourceBundle，如下：
ResourceBundle rs = ResourceBundle.getBundle("config");
String name = rs.getString("name");
String passwd = rs.getString("password");
System.out.println("name="+name);
Systme.out.println("password="+passwd);

输出结果如下：
name=jack
password=123456



二、Exception
如果遇到类似如下Exception:
Solve java.util.MissingResourceException: Can't find bundle for base name com...config, locale zh_CN

at java.util.ResourceBundle.throwMissingResourceException(ResourceBundle.java:836)
at java.util.ResourceBundle.getBundleImpl(ResourceBundle.java:805)
at java.util.ResourceBundle.getBundle(ResourceBundle.java:576)

可以参考如下方法：

You know java is looking for a properties file in a specific locale.   You may be baffled why java keeps complaining it can't find a properties file that is right there.   A few things to keep in mind when debugging this type of errors:

1. These resource properties files are loaded by classloader, similar to java classes.   So you need to include them in your runtime classpath.
   
2. These resources have fully-qualified-resource-name, similar to a fully-qualified-class-name, excerpt you can't import a resource into your java source file.   Why? because its name takes the form of a string.
   
   
3. ResourceBundle.getBundle("config") tells the classloader to load a resource named "config" with default package (that is, no package).   It does NOT mean a resource in the current package that has the referencing class.
   
4. ResourceBundle.getBundle("com.cheng.scrap.config") tells the classloader to load a resource named "config" with package "com.cheng.scrap."  Its fully-qualified-resource-name is "com.cheng.scrap.config"

For instance, you have a project like


C:/ws/netbeans5/scrap>
|    build.xml
+---build
|    /---classes
|        /---com
|            /---cheng
|                /---scrap
|                        Scrap.class
|
+---src
|    /---com
|        /---cheng
|            /---scrap
|                    config.properties
|                    Scrap.java



For this statement in Scrap.java: ResourceBundle config = ResourceBundle.getBundle("config"); to work, you will need to  cp src/com/cheng/scrap/config.properties build/classes/ such that config.properties is directly under classes, and at the same level as com.   Alternatively, you can put config.properties into a config.jar such that config.properties is at the root of config.jar without any subdirectories, and include config.jar in the classpath.

For this statement in Scrap.java: ResourceBundle config = ResourceBundle.getBundle("com.cheng.scrap.config"); to work, you will need to  cp src/com/cheng/scrap/config.properties build/classes/com/cheng/scrap/ such that config.properties is directly under classes/com/cheng/scrap/, and at the same level as scrap.   Alternatively, you can put com/cheng/scrap/config.properties (along with the long subdirectories) into a config.jar, and include config.jar in the classpath.   

You may be wondering why it is made so confusing?   The benefits are two-fold, as I see it:  

1. Location transparency.   At runtime, config.properties is NOT a file, it's just a a loadable resource.   config.properites may not exist in your project at all, and the person who wrote Scrap.java may have never seen this resource.   A URLClassLoader can find it in a network path or URL at runtime.   This is especially important for server-side components such as EJB, Servlet, JSP, etc, who are normally not allowed to access file systems.   When you ask classloaders for a resource, its physical location becomes irrelevant.
   
2. Namespace mechanism.   Having a package allows multiple packages to have resources with the same short name without causing conflicts. This is no different from java packages and xml namespaces.

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翻译过来就是两点：
1、将属性文件(这里为config.properties)和读取文件在一起；
2、 ResourceBundle.getBundle(String arg0)中的参数arg0必须包含属性文件的完整路径。
[参考：http://hi.baidu.com/mircoteam/blog/item/a2a0dc3e6b4bf0f8828b139e.html]


三、属性文件的路径
    正如上述所说的，属性文件和读取的文件要放在一起，如果要分开这两个文件呢？上面第一点有提到：These resource properties files are loaded by classloader......，那么我们自己可以自己建立一个目录，将属性文件放到其下，再将该目录设置为classloader加载的目录(加入类路径中)则可，如下 ：
1、在项目下建一文件夹，路径随意，名字任意(这为：properties)。
2、(Eclipse中)选择项目-> Properties->java Build Path->Libraries->Add Class Folder,将properties文件加入类路径即可（或者手动在.classpath文件中加入：<classpathentry kind="lib" path="properties"/>）。
3、然后直接用 ResourceBundle.getBundle("config");则可读取properties/config.properties文件的内容。
[参考：http://verran.javaeye.com/blog/44357]