C程序的内存布局

                                                                               C程序的内存布局
C程序的典型内存表示由以下部分组成：

        1.文本段(CPU 执行的机器指令)
        2.初始化数据段(数据段)
        3.未初始化的数据段(也称bss段)
        4.栈(自动变量以及每次函数调用时所需保存的的信息都放在栈中)
        5.堆(通常在堆中进行动态存储分配)

        如下图所示：

    

测试代码

#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define	ARRAY_SIZE	40000
#define	MALLOC_SIZE	100000
#define	SHM_SIZE	100000
#define	SHM_MODE	0600	/* user read/write */

char	array[ARRAY_SIZE];	/* uninitialized data = bss */

int
main(void)
{
	int		shmid;
	char	*ptr, *shmptr;
	
	static int initData = 100;
	
	printf("array[] from %p to %p\n", (void *)&array[0], (void *)&array[ARRAY_SIZE]);
	printf("stack around %p\n", (void *)&shmid);

	if ((ptr = malloc(MALLOC_SIZE)) == NULL)
		exit(0);
	printf("malloced from %p to %p\n", (void *)ptr, (void *)ptr+MALLOC_SIZE);

	if ((shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, SHM_SIZE, SHM_MODE)) < 0)
		exit(0);
	if ((shmptr = shmat(shmid, 0, 0)) == (void *)-1)
		exit(0);
	printf("shared memory attached from %p to %p\n", (void *)shmptr, (void *)shmptr+SHM_SIZE);

	if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) < 0)
		exit(0);

	printf("init Data %p\n",&initData);
	exit(0);
}

参考资料

[1].https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/memory-layout-of-c-program/

[2].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_segment