C程序的内存布局
C程序的典型内存表示由以下部分组成:
1.文本段(CPU 执行的机器指令)
2.初始化数据段(数据段)
3.未初始化的数据段(也称bss段)
4.栈(自动变量以及每次函数调用时所需保存的的信息都放在栈中)
5.堆(通常在堆中进行动态存储分配)
如下图所示:
测试代码
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define ARRAY_SIZE 40000
#define MALLOC_SIZE 100000
#define SHM_SIZE 100000
#define SHM_MODE 0600 /* user read/write */
char array[ARRAY_SIZE]; /* uninitialized data = bss */
int
main(void)
{
int shmid;
char *ptr, *shmptr;
static int initData = 100;
printf("array[] from %p to %p\n", (void *)&array[0], (void *)&array[ARRAY_SIZE]);
printf("stack around %p\n", (void *)&shmid);
if ((ptr = malloc(MALLOC_SIZE)) == NULL)
exit(0);
printf("malloced from %p to %p\n", (void *)ptr, (void *)ptr+MALLOC_SIZE);
if ((shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, SHM_SIZE, SHM_MODE)) < 0)
exit(0);
if ((shmptr = shmat(shmid, 0, 0)) == (void *)-1)
exit(0);
printf("shared memory attached from %p to %p\n", (void *)shmptr, (void *)shmptr+SHM_SIZE);
if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) < 0)
exit(0);
printf("init Data %p\n",&initData);
exit(0);
}
参考资料
[1].https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/memory-layout-of-c-program/