JAVA基础之枚举

枚举 enum

• 个类中的对象认为个数是有限且固定的可以将每一个对象一一 列举出来
• 枚举就是一个特殊的类，有属性，构造，get方法

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自定义枚举

1：提供类的属性，声明为 private final

2：声明为 final的属性，在构造器中初始化

3：通过公共方法（get）方法来调用属性

4：创建枚举类的对象：将类的对象声明 public static final

class Season {
    //1. 提供类的属性，声明为 private final
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2. 声明为 final 的属性，在构造器中初始化
    private Season (String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3. 通过公共的方法来调用属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    //4. 创建枚举类的对象：将类的对象声明 public static final
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("spring", "春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("summer", "夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("autumn", "秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("winter", "白雪皑皑");

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season [seasonName=" + seasonName + ", seasonDesc=" + seasonDesc + "]";
    }

    public void show() {
        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
    }

}

public class TestSeason {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;//接收对象
        System.out.println(spring);
        spring.show();
        System.out.println(spring.getSeasonName());
    }
}

• 使用 enum 关键字来定义枚举类，将对象放到最前面，并且不需要定义对象的其他属性。
• 使用 enum类来定义枚举类，可以使用下述两种方法来返回值。

1：values() 方法：返回所有值

2：valueOf()方法：返回指定对象的值（要求传入的形参name是枚举类对象的名字）
否则，报 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException 异常

enum Season {

    SPRING("spring", "春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("summer", "夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("autumn", "秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("winter", "白雪皑皑");


    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    private Season (String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }



    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season [seasonName=" + seasonName + ", seasonDesc=" + seasonDesc + "]";
    }

    public void show() {
        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
    }

}

public class TestSeason {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
        spring.show();
        System.out.println(spring.getSeasonName());

        // 1. values() 方法：返回所有值
        Season[] seasons = Season.values();
        for (int i=0; i<seasons.length;i++) {
            System.out.println(seasons[i]);
        }

        // 2. valueOf() 方法：返回指定对象的值（要求传入的形参name是枚举类对象的名字）
        // 否则，报 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException 异常
        String str = "SPRING";
        Season sea = Season.valueOf(str);
        System.out.println(sea);
    }
}

枚举类实现接口

可以让不同的枚举类的对象调用被重写的抽象方法，执行的效果不同。（相当于让每个对象重写抽象方法）

interface Info {
    void show();
}

enum Season implements Info {

    SPRING("spring", "春暖花开"){
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天在哪里?");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("summer", "夏日炎炎"){
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("夏天在哪里?");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("autumn", "秋高气爽"){
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天在哪里?");
        }
    },
    WINTER("winter", "白雪皑皑"){
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("冬天在哪里?");
        }
    };


    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    private Season (String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }



    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season [seasonName=" + seasonName + ", seasonDesc=" + seasonDesc + "]";
    }

    public void show() {
        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
    }

}

public class TestSeason {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
        spring.show();
        System.out.println(spring.getSeasonName());

        // 1. values() 方法：返回所有值
        Season[] seasons = Season.values();
        for (int i=0; i<seasons.length;i++) {
            System.out.println(seasons[i]);
        }

        // 2. valueOf() 方法：返回指定对象的值（要求传入的形参name是枚举类对象的名字）
        // 否则，报 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException 异常
        String str = "WINTER";
        Season sea = Season.valueOf(str);
        System.out.println(sea);
        sea.show();
    }
}