学习日志20

关于qiskit使用中的问题

Aer引用失败
解决方案：

pip install qiskit_aer

from qiskit_aer import Aer

execute引入失败
新版qiskit不支持，将其改为

from qiskit import transpile

import random
import numpy as np

from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit  # 导入Qiskit的量子电路模块
from qiskit import transpile  # 导入Qiskit的转译函数，这里似乎未使用
from qiskit_aer import Aer  # 从qiskit_aer包导入Aer，这里似乎未使用

class QuantumKnapsackQlearning:
    def __init__(self, values, weights, capacity, alpha=0.1, gamma=0.9, epsilon=0.1, num_qubits=None):
        # 类初始化函数，设置背包问题参数和Q-learning参数
        self.values = values  # 物品价值列表
        self.weights = weights  # 物品重量列表
        self.capacity = capacity  # 背包容量
        self.alpha = alpha  # 学习率
        self.gamma = gamma  # 折扣因子
        self.epsilon = epsilon  # 探索率
        self.n_items = len(values)  # 物品数量
        self.num_qubits = num_qubits or (capacity.bit_length() + self.n_items.bit_length())  # 计算所需的量子比特数
        self.q_table = np.zeros((2**self.num_qubits, 2**self.num_qubits))  # 初始化Q表，用于存储策略

    def choose_action(self, state):
        # 选择动作的函数，目前是随机选择
        return random.randint(0, 2**self.num_qubits - 1)

    def prepare_state(self, state):
        # 准备量子态的函数，将经典状态编码为量子态
        qc = QuantumCircuit(self.num_qubits)
        for i in range(self.num_qubits):
            if (state >> i) & 1:
                qc.x(i)  # 如果状态的某位是1，对应对应变分量进行X门操作
        return qc

    def update_q_value(self, state, action, reward, next_state):
        # 更新Q值的函数
        best_next_action = np.argmax(self.q_table[next_state])  # 选择下一个状态的最佳动作
        td_target = reward + self.gamma * self.q_table[next_state][best_next_action]  # 计算TD目标
        td_delta = td_target - self.q_table[state][action]  # 计算TD误差
        self.q_table[state][action] += self.alpha * td_delta  # 更新Q值

    def train(self, episodes):
        # 训练函数，进行多次训练循环
        for _ in range(episodes):
            state = self.capacity  # 初始化状态为背包的初始容量
            for item in range(self.n_items):
                action = self.choose_action(state)  # 选择动作
                qc_state = self.prepare_state(state)  # 准备量子态

                if action == item:  # 如果选择的动作是选择物品
                    if state >= self.weights[item]:  # 如果背包容量足够
                        next_state = state - self.weights[item]  # 更新状态
                        reward = self.values[item]  # 获得物品价值作为奖励
                    else:
                        reward = -100  # 容量不足，给予惩罚
                        next_state = state  # 状态不变
                else:
                    reward = 0  # 不选择物品，无奖励
                    next_state = state  # 状态不变

                self.update_q_value(state, action, reward, next_state)  # 更新Q值
                state = next_state  # 更新当前状态

    def get_best_value(self):
        # 获取最佳价值的函数，返回Q表中的最大值
        return np.max(self.q_table)

# 示例数据
values = [1, 6, 18, 22, 28]  # 各物品的价值
weights = [1, 2, 5, 6, 7]    # 各物品的重量
capacity = 18               # 背包的容量

# 创建QuantumKnapsackQlearning实例
quantum_knapsack = QuantumKnapsackQlearning(values, weights, capacity)
quantum_knapsack.train(100000)  # 进行100000次训练
print(quantum_knapsack.q_table)  # 打印最终的Q表
print("最佳价值:", quantum_knapsack.get_best_value())  # 打印背包问题的最大价值