题目:
实现一个基本的计算器来计算一个简单的字符串表达式的值
字符串表达式可以包含左括号 ( ,右括号 ),加号 + ,减号 -,非负整数和空格
示例 1:
输入: "1 + 1"
输出: 2
示例 2:
输入: " 2-1 + 2 "
输出: 3
示例 3:
输入: "(1+(4+5+2)-3)+(6+8)"
输出: 23
思路:
- 一个栈用来存数字,一个栈用来存符号
- 如果是数字,并且数字栈为空或者符号栈栈顶为(,把数字压入数字栈;否则对该数字与数字栈顶的数与符号栈顶的符号进行计算,并且把新值压入数字栈
- 如果是+、-、(直接压入符号栈
- 如果是),就消除掉(,并且进行相应的计算
代码:
class Solution {
public int calculate(String s) {
//变成字符数组
char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
Stack<Integer> num = new Stack<>();
Stack<Character> ope = new Stack<>();
//遍历字符数组
for(int i = 0; i < chars.length; ++i){
if(chars[i] == ' ') continue; //跳过空格
char ch = chars[i];
//1、是数字
if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9'){
int tmp = 0; //数为多少
int j = i;
for(j = i; j < chars.length; ++j){
if(!(chars[j] >= '0' && chars[j] <= '9')) {
break;
}
tmp = tmp * 10 + chars[j] - '0';
}
i = j - 1;
//1.1栈为空,直接压入
if(num.isEmpty() || ope.peek() == '('){
num.push(tmp);
continue;
}
//1.2栈不为空,判断计算
if(ope.peek() == '+'){
ope.pop();
int ans = num.pop() + tmp;
num.push(ans);
continue;
}else if(ope.peek() == '-'){
ope.pop();
int ans = num.pop() - tmp;
num.push(ans);
continue;
}
}
//2.为符号+、-、(
if(chars[i] == '+' || chars[i] == '-' || chars[i] == '('){
ope.push(chars[i]);
continue;
}
//3.为)
if(chars[i] == ')'){
int ans = num.pop();
ope.pop();
num.push(ans);
while (!ope.isEmpty()){
if(ope.peek() == '+'){
ope.pop();
num.push(num.pop() + num.pop());
}else if(ope.peek() == '-'){
ope.pop();
num.push(-num.pop() + num.pop());
}else if(ope.peek() == '('){
break;
}
}
}
}
return num.peek();
}
}