自制小型Linux系统

自制小型Linux系统

前期准备

组成部分：grub，内核，根系统运行程序以及依赖库
可用的centos6 系统和一块新硬盘(C:\VMs\CentOS6.8.2\CentOS6.8.1-0.vmdk)

操作步骤

1 分区并创建文件系统

注意：分两个必要分区，/dev/sdb1 对应/boot ；/dev/sdb2 对应根 /

[root@centos6 ~]# echo -e 'n\np\n1\n\n+1G\nw\n' |fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@centos6 ~]# echo -e 'n\np\n2\n\n\n\nw\n' |fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2

2 挂载boot

注意：子目录必须为boot

[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir /mnt/boot
[root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot

3 安装grub

必须加参数 --root-directory，否则就安装到当前/boot 中了

[root@centos6 ~]# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdb

4 准备内核和initramfs 文件

[root@centos6 ~]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 /mnt/boot/vmlinuz
[root@centos6 ~]# cp /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img /mnt/boot/initramfs.img

5 创建grub.conf 配置文件

[root@centos6 ~]# vim /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf
[root@centos6 ~]# cat /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf
default=0
timeout=8
title dawn linux
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 selinux=0 init=/bin/bash
initrd /initramfs.img


#查看当前准备的文件
[root@centos6 ~]# tree /mnt/boot
/mnt/boot
├── grub
│   ├── device.map
│   ├── e2fs_stage1_5
│   ├── fat_stage1_5
│   ├── ffs_stage1_5
│   ├── grub.conf
│   ├── iso9660_stage1_5
│   ├── jfs_stage1_5
│   ├── minix_stage1_5
│   ├── reiserfs_stage1_5
│   ├── stage1
│   ├── stage2
│   ├── ufs2_stage1_5
│   ├── vstafs_stage1_5
│   └── xfs_stage1_5
├── initramfs.img
├── lost+found
└── vmlinuz

2 directories, 16 files
[root@centos6 ~]# 

6 准备根目录中的相关程序和库

[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir /mnt/sysroot
[root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sysroot
[root@centos6 ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1  3.7G  0 rom  
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0 97.7G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0 29.3G  0 part /data
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0    1G  0 part /mnt/boot
└─sdb2   8:18   0   19G  0 part /mnt/sysroot

#创建根目录中相关的库
[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir -pv /mnt/sysroot/{bin,boot,dev,etc,home,lib,lib64,media,mnt,opt,proc,root,sbin,selinux,srv,sys,tmp,urs,var}

#创建根目录中相关的程序，如：bash,ps,pstree,ifconfig,insmod,ping,mount,ls,cat,df,lsblk,blkid,tree,fdisk
[root@centos6 ~]# bash /data/scripts/copycmd.sh 
Please input a command: bash
Please input a command or quit: ps
Please input a command or quit: pstree
Please input a command or quit: ifconfig
Please input a command or quit: insmod
Please input a command or quit: ping
Please input a command or quit: mount
Please input a command or quit: ls
Please input a command or quit: cat
Please input a command or quit: df
Please input a command or quit: lsblk
Please input a command or quit: blkid
Please input a command or quit: tree
Please input a command or quit: fdisk
Please input a command or quit: quit
#将数据同步到磁盘中
[root@centos6 ~]# sync
[root@centos6 ~]# 

# 准备网卡驱动
[root@centos6 ~]# ethtool -i eth0
driver: e1000
version: 7.3.21-k8-NAPI
firmware-version: 
bus-info: 0000:02:01.0
supports-statistics: yes
supports-test: yes
supports-eeprom-access: yes
supports-register-dump: yes
supports-priv-flags: no
# 获取网卡驱动的路径
[root@centos6 ~]# modinfo e1000
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko
version:        7.3.21-k8-NAPI
......省略部分内容......

# 将网络驱动文件拷贝到自制linux的根目录中
[root@centos6 ~]# cp /lib/modules/2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko /mnt/sysroot/lib/

6.1 拷贝命令的脚本

#!/bin/bash
ch_root="/mnt/sysroot"
[ ! -d $ch_root ] && mkdir $ch_root
 
bincopy() {
    if which $1 &>/dev/null; then

        local cmd_path=`which --skip-alias $1`
        local bin_dir=`dirname $cmd_path`
        [ -d ${ch_root}${bin_dir} ] || mkdir -p ${ch_root}${bin_dir}
        [ -f ${ch_root}${cmd_path} ] || cp $cmd_path ${ch_root}${bin_dir}
        return 0
    else
        echo "Command not found."
        return 1
    fi
}
 
libcopy() {
    local lib_list=$(ldd `which --skip-alias $1` | grep -Eo '/[^[:space:]]+')
    for loop in $lib_list;do
        local lib_dir=`dirname $loop`
        [ -d ${ch_root}${lib_dir} ] || mkdir -p  ${ch_root}${lib_dir}
        [ -f ${ch_root}${loop} ] || cp $loop ${ch_root}${lib_dir}
    done
}
 
 
read -p "Please input a command: " command
 
while [ "$command" != "quit" ];do
    if bincopy $command ;then
        libcopy $command
    fi
    read -p "Please input a command or quit: " command
done

7 准备新的虚拟机

将原虚拟机中的sdb硬盘(C:\VMs\CentOS6.8.2\CentOS6.8.1-0.vmdk) 文件增加到新虚拟机中，删除新虚拟机原有磁盘，开机启动

8 配置网卡驱动，并设置ip

# 配置网卡驱动
insmod /lib64/e1000.ko
# 查看网卡
ifconfig -a
# 设置ip
ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.166/24

9 测试，是否跟其他主机能够连接

其他主机ping 该主机