260. Single Number III

Given an array of numbers nums, in which exactly two elements appear only once and all the other elements appear exactly twice. Find the two elements that appear only once.

For example:

Given nums = [1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 5], return [3, 5].

题意:数组中只有2个元素只出现了1次,其他元素都出现了2次,请找出这2个元素。

自然联想到使用HashMap,元素值作为Key,出现的次数作为Value,只要找到Value为1的key就好了。

下面贴代码:

public class Solution {
    public int[] singleNumber(int[] nums) {
        int[] a1 = new int[2];
        int k = 0;
        HashMap<Integer,Integer> h = new HashMap<>();
        for(int a : nums){
            if(h.containsKey(a)){    //若已存在,value加1
                h.put(a,h.get(a)+1);
            }else{    //若不存在,添加
                h.put(a,1);
            }
        }
        for(Map.Entry m:h.entrySet()){   //遍历hashmap中的键值对
            if((int)m.getValue()==1){
                a1[k++] = (int)m.getKey();
            }
        }
        return a1;
    }
}
解法中使key存在的value加1的语句为 h.put(a,h.get(a)+1);如果大家有更好的可以在下方留言,非常感谢。

另外遍历hashmap中的键值对使用的是entrySet()方法,我们看一下API中该方法:


返回的是一个Set,元素类型是Map.Entry。其中,Entey是hashmap中的一个静态内部类,用来存放键值对的,在Entry中的我们可以使用getValue和getKey方法来取得键值对中的值和键。

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Sure, here are some common OOP features and principles: Features: 1. Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world, and restricting access to the object's internal data and methods. 2. Abstraction: Abstraction is the process of creating a simplified version of something complex, in order to make it more manageable and easier to understand. 3. Inheritance: Inheritance is the mechanism by which one class inherits properties and methods from another class. 4. Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many different forms, depending on the context in which it is used. Principles: 1. Single Responsibility Principle: The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) states that a class should have only one reason to change. This means that a class should only be responsible for one thing, and should not be responsible for multiple unrelated tasks. 2. Open/Closed Principle: The Open/Closed Principle (OCP) states that a class should be open for extension but closed for modification. This means that you should be able to add new functionality to a class without modifying its existing code. 3. Liskov Substitution Principle: The Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) states that a subclass should be able to be substituted for its parent class without affecting the correctness of the program. This means that a subclass should be able to use all the methods and properties of its parent class without any issues. 4. Interface Segregation Principle: The Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) states that a class should not be forced to implement interfaces it does not use. This means that you should only include the methods and properties that are necessary for a class to perform its specific tasks in its interface. 5. Dependency Inversion Principle: The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) states that high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules, but both should depend on abstractions. This means that you should use interfaces or abstract classes to decouple the high-level and low-level classes, making your code more flexible and easy to maintain.
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