1 Httpclient介绍
1.1 作用
HttpClient是Apache的一个子项目,是高效的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包。
Httpclient作用:
- 发送HTTP请求
- 接收响应数据
1.2 应用场景
1.3 介绍
HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
核心API:
- HttpClient
- HttpClients
- CloseableHttpClient
- HttpGet
- HttpPost
发送请求步骤:
- 创建HttpClient对象
- 创建Http请求对象
- 调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求
2 使用入门案例
GET方式请求:
public void testGET() throws IOException {
//创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建请求对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");
//发送请求,接受响应结果
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//获取服务端返回的状态码
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("服务端返回状态码为:"+statusCode);
//获取响应体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
System.out.println("服务端返回数据为:"+body);
//关闭资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}
POST方式请求:
public void testPOST() throws Exception {
//创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");
//设置传递数据
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("username","admin");
jsonObject.put("password","123456");
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
//指定请求编码方式
entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
//数据格式
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
//发送请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
//解析返回结果
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("响应码为:"+statusCode);
HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
System.out.println("响应数据为:"+body);
//关闭资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}
3 在微信小程序中登录的使用场景
微信登录:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/framework/open-ability/login.html
//微信登录
@Override
public User wxLogin(UserLoginDTO userLoginDTO) {
String openid = getOpenid(userLoginDTO.getCode());
//判断openid是否为空,如果为空则表示登录失败,抛出业务异常
if (openid == null){
throw new LoginFailedException(MessageConstant.LOGIN_FAILED);
}
//判断当前用户是否为新用户
User user = userMapper.getByOpenid(openid);
//如果是新用户,自动完成注册
if(user == null){
user = User.builder()
.openid(openid)
.createTime(LocalDateTime.now())
.build();
userMapper.insert(user);
}
//返回这个用户对象
return user;
}
//调用微信接口服务,获取微信用户的openid
private String getOpenid(String code){
//调用微信接口服务,获得当前微信用户的openid
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("appid",weChatProperties.getAppid());
map.put("secret",weChatProperties.getSecret());
map.put("js_code",code);
map.put("grant_type","authorization_code");
String json = HttpClientUtil.doGet(WX_LOGIN,map);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(json);
String openid = jsonObject.getString("openid");
log.info("openid:{}",openid);
return openid;
}
4 Httpclientg工具类
public class HttpClientUtil {
static final int TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5 * 1000;
/**
* 发送GET方式请求
* @param url
* @param paramMap
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url,Map<String,String> paramMap){
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String result = "";
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try{
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if(paramMap != null){
for (String key : paramMap.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key,paramMap.get(key));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
//创建GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
//发送请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//判断响应状态
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
response.close();
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 发送POST方式请求
* @param url
* @param paramMap
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建参数列表
if (paramMap != null) {
List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
}
// 模拟表单
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw e;
} finally {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* 发送POST方式请求
* @param url
* @param paramMap
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String doPost4Json(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if (paramMap != null) {
//构造json格式数据
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
jsonObject.put(param.getKey(),param.getValue());
}
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(),"utf-8");
//设置请求编码
entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
//设置数据类型
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw e;
} finally {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
private static RequestConfig builderRequestConfig() {
return RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
.setSocketTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).build();
}
}