HttpClient 学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-24 23:35:04 发布

幼稚范2r°

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-24 23:35:04 发布

阅读量50

点赞数

文章标签：学习笔记

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoaofeng_/article/details/132030151

版权

1 Httpclient介绍

1.1 作用

HttpClient是Apache的一个子项目，是高效的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包。

Httpclient作用：

发送HTTP请求
接收响应数据

1.2 应用场景

1.3 介绍

HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。

核心API：

HttpClient
HttpClients
CloseableHttpClient
HttpGet
HttpPost

发送请求步骤：

创建HttpClient对象
创建Http请求对象
调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求

2 使用入门案例

GET方式请求：

public void testGET() throws IOException {
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //创建请求对象
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");
        //发送请求，接受响应结果
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
        //获取服务端返回的状态码
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("服务端返回状态码为："+statusCode);
        //获取响应体
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        System.out.println("服务端返回数据为："+body);
        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }

POST方式请求：

public void testPOST() throws Exception {
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //创建请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");
        //设置传递数据
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("username","admin");
        jsonObject.put("password","123456");

        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
        //指定请求编码方式
        entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
        //数据格式
        entity.setContentType("application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        //发送请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        //解析返回结果
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("响应码为："+statusCode);

        HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
        System.out.println("响应数据为："+body);

        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }

3 在微信小程序中登录的使用场景

微信登录：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/framework/open-ability/login.html

//微信登录
    @Override
    public User wxLogin(UserLoginDTO userLoginDTO) {
        String openid = getOpenid(userLoginDTO.getCode());
        //判断openid是否为空，如果为空则表示登录失败，抛出业务异常
        if (openid == null){
            throw new LoginFailedException(MessageConstant.LOGIN_FAILED);
        }
        //判断当前用户是否为新用户
        User user = userMapper.getByOpenid(openid);

        //如果是新用户，自动完成注册
        if(user == null){
            user = User.builder()
                    .openid(openid)
                    .createTime(LocalDateTime.now())
                    .build();
            userMapper.insert(user);
        }
        //返回这个用户对象
        return user;
    }

    //调用微信接口服务，获取微信用户的openid
    private String getOpenid(String code){
        //调用微信接口服务，获得当前微信用户的openid
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("appid",weChatProperties.getAppid());
        map.put("secret",weChatProperties.getSecret());
        map.put("js_code",code);
        map.put("grant_type","authorization_code");
        String json = HttpClientUtil.doGet(WX_LOGIN,map);

        JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(json);
        String openid = jsonObject.getString("openid");
        log.info("openid:{}",openid);
        return openid;
    }

4 Httpclientg工具类

public class HttpClientUtil {

    static final  int TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5 * 1000;

    /**
     * 发送GET方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url,Map<String,String> paramMap){
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String result = "";
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try{
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
            if(paramMap != null){
                for (String key : paramMap.keySet()) {
                    builder.addParameter(key,paramMap.get(key));
                }
            }
            URI uri = builder.build();

            //创建GET请求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

            //发送请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

            //判断响应状态
            if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
                result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                response.close();
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 创建参数列表
            if (paramMap != null) {
                List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
                    paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
                }
                // 模拟表单
                UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }

            httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String doPost4Json(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            if (paramMap != null) {
                //构造json格式数据
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
                    jsonObject.put(param.getKey(),param.getValue());
                }
                StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(),"utf-8");
                //设置请求编码
                entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
                //设置数据类型
                entity.setContentType("application/json");
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }

            httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }
    private static RequestConfig builderRequestConfig() {
        return RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
                .setSocketTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).build();
    }

}