如果你是一个正在使用由Matt Thompson开发的网络库 AFNetWorking(如果你还没有使用,那你还在等什么?)的iOS开发者,也许你一直很好奇和困惑它的缓存机制,并且想要了解如何更好地充分利用它?
AFNetworking实际上利用了两套单独的缓存机制:
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AFImagecache : 继承于NSCache,AFNetworking的图片内存缓存的类。
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NSURLCache : NSURLConnection的默认缓存机制,用于存储NSURLResponse对象:一个默认缓存在内存,并且可以通过一些配置操作可以持久缓存到磁盘的类。
AFImageCache是如何工作的?
AFImageCache属于UIImageView+AFNetworking的一部分,继承于NSCache,以URL(从NSURLRequest对象中获取)字符串作为key值来存储UIImage对象。 AFImageCache的定义如下:(这里我们声明了一个2M内存、100M磁盘空间的NSURLCache对象。)
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@interface AFImageCache : NSCache
// singleton instantiation :
+ (id )sharedImageCache {
static AFImageCache *_af_defaultImageCache = nil;
static dispatch_once_t oncePredicate;
dispatch_once(&oncePredicate, ^{
_af_defaultImageCache = [[AFImageCache alloc] init];
// clears out cache on memory warning :
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification object:nil queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] usingBlock:^(NSNotification * __unused notification) {
[_af_defaultImageCache removeAllObjects];
}];
});
// key from [[NSURLRequest URL] absoluteString] :
static inline NSString * AFImageCacheKeyFromURLRequest(NSURLRequest *request) {
return
[[request URL] absoluteString];
}
@implementation AFImageCache
// write to cache if proper policy on NSURLRequest :
- (UIImage *)cachedImageForRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request {
switch
([request cachePolicy]) {
case
NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData:
case
NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData:
return
nil;
default
:
break
;
}
return
[self objectForKey:AFImageCacheKeyFromURLRequest(request)];
}
// read from cache :
- (void)cacheImage:(UIImage *)image
forRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request {
if
(image && request) {
[self setObject:image forKey:AFImageCacheKeyFromURLRequest(request)];
}
}
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AFImageCache是NSCache的私有实现,它把所有可访问的UIImage对象存入NSCache中,并控制着UIImage对象应该在何时释放,如果UIImage对象释放的时候你希望去做一些监听操作,你可以实现NSCacheDelegate的 cache:willEvictObject 代理方法。Matt Thompson已经谦虚的告诉我在AFNetworking2.1版本中可通过setSharedImageCache方法来配置AFImageCache,这里是 AFN2.2.1中的UIImageView+AFNetworking文档。
NSURLCache
AFNetworking使用了NSURLConnection,它利用了iOS原生的缓存机制,并且NSURLCache缓存了服务器返回的NSURLRespone对象。NSURLCache 的shareCache方法是默认开启的,你可以利用它来获取每一个NSURLConnection对象的URL内容。让人不爽的是,它的默认配置是缓存到内存而且并没有写入到磁盘。为了tame the beast(驯服野兽?不太懂),增加可持续性,你可以在AppDelegate中简单地声明一个共享的NSURLCache对象,像这样:
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NSURLCache *sharedCache = [[NSURLCache alloc] initWithMemoryCapacity:2 * 1024 * 1024
diskCapacity:100 * 1024 * 1024
diskPath:nil];
[NSURLCache setSharedURLCache:sharedCache];
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设置NSURLRequest对象的缓存策略
NSURLCache 将对每一个NSURLRequest对象遵守缓存策略(NSURLRequestCachePolicy),策略如下所示:
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- NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy 默认的缓存策略,对特定的URL请求使用网络协议中实现的缓存逻辑
- NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData 忽略本地缓存,重新请请求
- NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData 忽略本地和远程缓存,重新请求
- NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataElseLoad 有缓存则从中加载,如果没有则去请求
- NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataDontLoad 无网络状态下不去请求,一直加载本地缓存数据无论其是否存在
- NSURLRequestReloadRevalidatingCacheData 默从原始地址确认缓存数据的合法性之后,缓存数据才可使用,否则请求原始地址
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用NSURLCache缓存数据到磁盘
Cache-Control HTTP Header
Cache-Controlheader或Expires header存在于服务器返回的HTTP response header中,来用于客户端的缓存工作(前者优先级要高于后者),这里面有很多地方需要注意,Cache-Control可以拥有被定义为类似max-age的参数(在更新响应之前要缓存多长时间), public/private 访问或者是non-cache(不缓存响应数据),这里对HTTP cache headers进行了很好的介绍。
继承并控制NSURLCache
如果你想跳过Cache-Control,并且想要自己来制定规则读写一个带有NSURLResponse对象的NSURLCache,你可以继承NSURLCache。下面有个例子,使用 CACHE_EXPIRES来判断在获取源数据之前对缓存数据保留多长时间.(感谢 Mattt Thompson的回复)
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@interface CustomURLCache : NSURLCache
static NSString * const CustomURLCacheExpirationKey = @
"CustomURLCacheExpiration"
;
static NSTimeInterval const CustomURLCacheExpirationInterval = 600;
@implementation CustomURLCache
+ (instancetype)standardURLCache {
static CustomURLCache *_standardURLCache = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_standardURLCache = [[CustomURLCache alloc]
initWithMemoryCapacity:(2 * 1024 * 1024)
diskCapacity:(100 * 1024 * 1024)
diskPath:nil];
}
return
_standardURLCache;
}
#pragma mark - NSURLCache
- (NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponseForRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request {
NSCachedURLResponse *cachedResponse = [
super
cachedResponseForRequest:request];
if
(cachedResponse) {
NSDate* cacheDate = cachedResponse.userInfo[CustomURLCacheExpirationKey];
NSDate* cacheExpirationDate = [cacheDate dateByAddingTimeInterval:CustomURLCacheExpirationInterval];
if
([cacheExpirationDate compare:[NSDate date]] == NSOrderedAscending) {
[self removeCachedResponseForRequest:request];
return
nil;
}
}
}
return
cachedResponse;
}
- (void)storeCachedResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse
forRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
{
NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:cachedResponse.userInfo];
userInfo[CustomURLCacheExpirationKey] = [NSDate date];
NSCachedURLResponse *modifiedCachedResponse = [[NSCachedURLResponse alloc] initWithResponse:cachedResponse.response data:cachedResponse.data userInfo:userInfo storagePolicy:cachedResponse.storagePolicy];
[
super
storeCachedResponse:modifiedCachedResponse forRequest:request];
}
@end
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现在你有了属于自己的NSURLCache的子类,不要忘了在AppDelegate中初始化并且使用它。
在缓存之前重写NSURLResponse
-connection:willCacheResponse 代理方法是在被缓存之前用于截断和编辑由NSURLConnection创建的NSURLCacheResponse的地方。 对NSURLCacheResponse进行处理并返回一个可变的拷贝对象(代码来自NSHipster blog)
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- (NSCachedURLResponse *)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
willCacheResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse {
NSMutableDictionary *mutableUserInfo = [[cachedResponse userInfo] mutableCopy];
NSMutableData *mutableData = [[cachedResponse data] mutableCopy];
NSURLCacheStoragePolicy storagePolicy = NSURLCacheStorageAllowedInMemoryOnly;
// ...
return
[[NSCachedURLResponse alloc] initWithResponse:[cachedResponse response]
data:mutableData
userInfo:mutableUserInfo
storagePolicy:storagePolicy];
}
// If you do not wish to cache the NSURLCachedResponse, just return nil from the delegate function:
- (NSCachedURLResponse *)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
willCacheResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse {
return
nil;
}
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禁用NSURLCache
不想使用NSURLCache?不为所动?好吧,你可以禁用NSURLCache,只需要将内存和磁盘空间设置为0就行了.
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NSURLCache *sharedCache = [[NSURLCache alloc] initWithMemoryCapacity:0
diskCapacity:0
diskPath:nil];
[NSURLCache setSharedURLCache:sharedCache];
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