题目链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/evaluate-division/
Equations are given in the format A / B = k
, where A
and B
are variables represented as strings, and k
is a real number (floating point number). Given some queries, return the answers. If the answer does not exist, return -1.0
.
Example:
Given a / b = 2.0, b / c = 3.0.
queries are: a / c = ?, b / a = ?, a / e = ?, a / a = ?, x / x = ? .
return [6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ].
The input is: vector<pair<string, string>> equations, vector<double>& values, vector<pair<string, string>> queries
, where equations.size() == values.size()
, and the values are positive. This represents the equations. Return vector<double>
.
According to the example above:
equations = [ ["a", "b"], ["b", "c"] ], values = [2.0, 3.0], queries = [ ["a", "c"], ["b", "a"], ["a", "e"], ["a", "a"], ["x", "x"] ].
The input is always valid. You may assume that evaluating the queries will result in no division by zero and there is no contradiction.
解题思路:初始化mp,base,mp存储每一个字母到数字的映射,base存储每一个字母所属的“基空间”,比如a/b=1.0,b/c=2.0,e/f=3.0,可以看到,a、b、c是有联系的,因此可以假定a、b、c的"基空间"为a,当然也可以假定为b或c;e、f这两个是联系的,但与a、b、c是不联系的,所以可以假定e、f的“基空间”为e或f。遍历equations,可以出现四种情况(设被除数是s1,除数是s2,商是v):
情况一:s1和s2在mp中都没有出现过,让mp[s1]=v, mp[s2]=1, base[s1]=s1, base[s2]=s1;
情况二:s1在mp中没有出现过,让mp[s1]=mp[s2]*v, base[s1]=s2;
情况三:s2在mp中没有出现过,让mp[s2]=mp[s1]/v, base[s2]=s1;
情况四:s1和s2均在mp中出现过,调整s1和s2的“基空间”,使s1和s2属于同一个“基空间”,假设把所有的“基空间”调整成s1所属的“基空间”,那么调整倍率为mp[s2]*v/mp[s1]。接着遍历整个mp,使属于s1的“基空间”的字母乘上这个倍率。
最后,根据要查询的字母返回相应的值。
class Solution{
public:
vector<double> calcEquation(vector<pair<string,string>> equations,vector<double>& values,vector<pair<string,string>> queries)
{
vector<double> res;
unordered_map<string,double> mp;
for(int i=0;i<equations.size();i++)
{
if(mp.count(equations[i].first)==0 && mp.count(equations[i].second)==0)
{
mp[equations[i].first]=values[i];
mp[equations[i].second]=1;
base[equations[i].first]=equations[i].first;
base[equations[i].second]=equations[i].first;
}
else if(mp.count(equations[i].first)==0)
{
mp[equations[i].first]=mp[equations[i].second]*values[i];
base[equations[i].first]=equations[i].second;
}
else if(mp.count(equations[i].second)==0)
{
mp[equations[i].second]=mp[equations[i].first]/values[i];
base[equations[i].second]=equations[i].first;
}
else
unionBase(equations[i].first,equations[i].second,values[i],mp);
}
for(int i=0;i<queries.size();i++)
{
if(mp.count(queries[i].first)==0 || mp.count(queries[i].second)==0 || findBase(queries[i].first)!=findBase(queries[i].second))
res.push_back(-1);
else
res.push_back(mp[queries[i].first]/mp[queries[i].second]);
}
return res;
}
void unionBase(string s1,string s2,double v,unordered_map<string,double>& mp)
{
string base1=findBase(s1),base2=findBase(s2);
double adjustF=mp[s2]*v/mp[s1];
for(auto it=mp.begin();it!=mp.end();++it)
{
if(findBase(it->first)==base1)
mp[it->first]*=adjustF;
}
base[s2]=s1;
}
string findBase(string s)
{
while(base[s]!=s) s=base[s];
return s;
}
private:
unordered_map<string,string> base;
};