题目链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/tag-validator/description/
Given a string representing a code snippet, you need to implement a tag validator to parse the code and return whether it is valid. A code snippet is valid if all the following rules hold:
- The code must be wrapped in a valid closed tag. Otherwise, the code is invalid.
- A closed tag (not necessarily valid) has exactly the following format :
<TAG_NAME>TAG_CONTENT</TAG_NAME>
. Among them,<TAG_NAME>
is the start tag, and</TAG_NAME>
is the end tag. The TAG_NAME in start and end tags should be the same. A closed tag is valid if and only if the TAG_NAME and TAG_CONTENT are valid. - A valid
TAG_NAME
only contain upper-case letters, and has length in range [1,9]. Otherwise, theTAG_NAME
is invalid. - A valid
TAG_CONTENT
may contain other valid closed tags, cdata and any characters (see note1) EXCEPT unmatched<
, unmatched start and end tag, and unmatched or closed tags with invalid TAG_NAME. Otherwise, theTAG_CONTENT
is invalid. - A start tag is unmatched if no end tag exists with the same TAG_NAME, and vice versa. However, you also need to consider the issue of unbalanced when tags are nested.
- A
<
is unmatched if you cannot find a subsequent>
. And when you find a<
or</
, all the subsequent characters until the next>
should be parsed as TAG_NAME (not necessarily valid). - The cdata has the following format :
<![CDATA[CDATA_CONTENT]]>
. The range ofCDATA_CONTENT
is defined as the characters between<![CDATA[
and the first subsequent]]>
. CDATA_CONTENT
may contain any characters. The function of cdata is to forbid the validator to parseCDATA_CONTENT
, so even it has some characters that can be parsed as tag (no matter valid or invalid), you should treat it as regular characters.
Valid Code Examples:
Input: "<DIV>This is the first line <![CDATA[<div>]]></DIV>"
Output: True
Explanation:
The code is wrapped in a closed tag : <DIV> and </DIV>.
The TAG_NAME is valid, the TAG_CONTENT consists of some characters and cdata.
Although CDATA_CONTENT has unmatched start tag with invalid TAG_NAME, it should be considered as plain text, not parsed as tag.
So TAG_CONTENT is valid, and then the code is valid. Thus return true.
Input: "<DIV>>> ![cdata[]] <![CDATA[<div>]>]]>]]>>]</DIV>"
Output: True
Explanation:
We first separate the code into : start_tag|tag_content|end_tag.
start_tag -> "<DIV>"
end_tag -> "</DIV>"
tag_content could also be separated into : text1|cdata|text2.
text1 -> ">> ![cdata[]] "
cdata -> "<![CDATA[<div>]>]]>", where the CDATA_CONTENT is "<div>]>"
text2 -> "]]>>]"
The reason why start_tag is NOT "<DIV>>>" is because of the rule 6. The reason why cdata is NOT "<![CDATA[<div>]>]]>]]>" is because of the rule 7.
Invalid Code Examples:
Input: "<A> <B> </A> </B>" Output: False Explanation: Unbalanced. If "<A>" is closed, then "<B>" must be unmatched, and vice versa. Input: "<DIV> div tag is not closed <DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> unmatched < </DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> closed tags with invalid tag name <b>123</b> </DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> unmatched tags with invalid tag name </1234567890> and <CDATA[[]]> </DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> unmatched start tag <B> and unmatched end tag </C> </DIV>" Output: False
Note:
- For simplicity, you could assume the input code (including the any characters mentioned above) only contain
letters
,digits
,'<'
,'>'
,'/'
,'!'
,'['
,']'
and' '
.
A simple summary for all the elements in this syntax is like this:
tag :
<tagname> + content + </tagname>
tagname :
[A-Z]{1, 9} # 1 ~ 9 uppercase chars
content :
(tag|cdata|text)* # 0 or more of : tag, cdata, text
cdata :
"<![CDATA[" + .* + "]]>"
text :
[^<]+ # non '<' chars
class Solution {
public:
bool isValid(string code) {
int i = 0;
return validTag(code, i) && i == code.size();
}
private:
bool validTag(string s, int& i) {
int j = i;
string tag = parseTagName(s, j);
if (tag.empty()) return false;
if (!validContent(s, j)) return false;
int k = j + tag.size() + 2; // expecting j = pos of "</" , k = pos of '>'
if (k >= s.size() || s.substr(j, k + 1 - j) != "</" + tag + ">") return false;
i = k + 1;
return true;
}
string parseTagName(string s, int& i) {
if (s[i] != '<') return "";
int j = s.find('>', i);
if (j == string::npos || j - 1 - i < 1 || 9 < j - 1 - i) return "";
string tag = s.substr(i + 1, j - 1 - i);
for (char ch : tag) {
if (ch < 'A' || 'Z' < ch) return "";
}
i = j + 1;
return tag;
}
bool validContent(string s, int& i) {
int j = i;
while (j < s.size()) {
if (!validText(s, j) && !validCData(s, j) && !validTag(s, j)) break;
}
i = j;
return true;
}
bool validText(string s, int& i) {
int j = i;
while (i < s.size() && s[i] != '<') { i++; }
return i != j;
}
bool validCData(string s, int& i) {
if (s.find("<![CDATA[", i) != i) return false;
int j = s.find("]]>", i);
if (j == string::npos) return false;
i = j + 3;
return true;
}
};