1.String
只要使用字符串包裹 就是字符串的一个实例
实例=对象（可以使用"你好".equals（）因为一个字符串就是一个对象）
2.String 是不可变的字符序列
private final char value[];（底层被final修饰表示存储字符串底层使用char型数组进行存储的，被final修饰以后，表示地址不可变。）
3.final class String 不能有子类（不能被继承）
4. String 是java.lang 之下的资源 使用是不需要导包
字符串对象的创建
public void test01(){
String s1 = "Hello";
}
@Test
public void test(){
String hello = new String("Hello");
}
将byte[]数组(存储的是编码值)放入字符串中，打印的是对应的字符
可以尝试使用new String()不同的重载方法进行测试
@Test
public void test2(){
byte[] bs = {65,98,99,100};
String s = new String(bs);
System.out.println("s = " + s);
String s1 = new String(bs,1,2);
System.out.println("s1 = " + s1);
}
将char型数组转存为字符串类型
@Test
public void test3(){
char [] cs = {'A','B','C','D'};
String s = new String(cs);
System.out.println("s = " + s);
String s1 = new String(cs, 1, 2);
System.out.println(s1);
}
使用valueOf()方法或者copyValueOf（）方法转换成字符串
@Test
public void test4(){
int m = 10;
String s = "" + m;
System.out.println(s);
String s1 = String.valueOf(m);
String s2 = String.valueOf(3.14);
char[] cs = {'A','B','C','D'};
String s3 = String.copyValueOf(cs);
System.out.println(s3);
}
字符串的常用方法：
1> isEmpty(): 判空
2> length(): 数组长度方法
3> concat() 拼接（字符串不可变 拼接之后生成新的对象）
4> toUpperCase()/toLowerCase() 转成大小写 生成的是新的对象
5> equals() 重写了Object类中的equals方法，比较的是内容
@Test
public void test1(){
String s = "";
boolean empty = s.isEmpty();
System.out.println(empty);
String s1 = "ABCDE";
System.out.println("s1.length() = " + s1.length());
}
@Test
public void test2(){
String s1 = "Hello ";
String s2 = "World";
String s3 = s1 + s2;
String s4 = s1.concat(s2);
}
@Test
public void test3(){
String s1 = "abcdEFG中";
String s = s1.toUpperCase();
System.out.println("s = " + s);
System.out.println("s1 = " + s1);
}
@Test
public void test4(){
String s1 = new String("ABC");
String s2 = "ABC";
System.out.println("s1==s2 = " + s1 == s2);
System.out.println("s1.equals(s2) = " + s1.equals(s2));
String s3 = "AbC";
System.out.println("s2.equals(s3) = " + s2.equals(s3));
}
@Test
public void test5(){
String s = "A";
String s1 = "D";
//按照对应的编码值进行比较
int i = s.compareTo(s1);
System.out.println("i = " + i);
String s2 = "a";
int i1 = s.compareTo(s2);
System.out.println("i1 = " + i1);
int i2 = s.compareToIgnoreCase(s2);
System.out.println("i2 = " + i2);
}
String常用方法二
1> compareTo() 进行对象比较
String底层实现了Comparable接口，因此可以进行对象间的比较implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence
2> trim() 去除字符串前后空格
3> indexOf()/lastIndexOf() 获取对应字符串下标
4> contains() 字符串中是否包含所找的字符串
5> toCharArray() 将字符串编程char型数组
@Test
public void test(){
String s = "A";
String s1 = "D";
//按照对应的编码值进行比较
int i = s.compareTo(s1);
System.out.println("i = " + i);
String s2 = "a";
int i1 = s.compareTo(s2);
System.out.println("i1 = " + i1);
int i2 = s.compareToIgnoreCase(s2);
System.out.println("i2 = " + i2);
}
@Test
public void test1(){
String s = " A b MC ";
String s2 = "<---------->";
System.out.println("(s2+s+s2) = " + (s2 + s + s2));
String trim = s.trim();
System.out.println(s2 + trim + s2);
}
@Test
public void test2(){
//指定的字符串第一次出现的下标
//没有查找的数据时候返回-1；
String s = "ABCDEFBG";
int index = s.indexOf("B");
System.out.println("index = " + index);
int index1 = s.indexOf("B", 2);
System.out.println("index1 = " + index1);
//最后依次出现的下标 没有的话 返回-1
int index2 = s.lastIndexOf("F");
System.out.println("index2 = " + index2);
}
@Test
public void test3(){
String s = "ABCFDEFG";
boolean cf = s.contains("CF");
System.out.println("cf = " + cf);
}
@Test
public void test4(){
String s = "ABCFDEFG";
char c = s.charAt(3);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
String string = Arrays.toString(chars);
System.out.println("string = " + string);
}
@Test
public void test5(){
//字符串遍历
String s = "ABCFBG";
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
}
}
Sting方法练习题
AAAABBBBCCCDDZZXXXaaakkk
AAAABBBBCCC中国中国
AAAABBBBCCC中中国国
每一个字母出现的次数
解法一（有局限性）
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "AAAABBBBCCCDDZZXXXaaakkk";
//先获取所有的字母
for (char i = 'A'; i <= 'z' ; i++) {
// System.out.println(i);
//遍历字符串
int count = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < str.length(); j++) {
char c = str.charAt(j);
if (i == c){
count++;
}
}
if (count != 0){
System.out.println(i + "出现的次数" + count);
}
}
}
}
解法二：（AAAABBBBCCC中国中国 找到字符串内不重复的字符 ABC中国）
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = " AAAABBBBCCC中国中国";
String str1 = "";
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
int count = 0;
char c = str.charAt(i);
if (!str1.contains(c+"")){
str1 += c;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < str1.length(); i++) {
char c = str1.charAt(i);
int count = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < str.length(); j++) {
char c1 = str.charAt(j);
if (c == c1){
count++;
}
}
System.out.println(c + "出现的次数" + count) ;
}
}
}
解法三(排序)（AAAABBBBCCC中中国国 排序）
@Test
public void test(){
String str = "AABABABCBCBBCCCC中国aa中ss国zz";
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(chars);
String s1 = new String(chars);
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); ) {
//获取起始字符
char start = s1.charAt(i);
//获取结束下标
int lastIndexOf = s1.lastIndexOf(start);
//结束下标-开始下标+1
int count = lastIndexOf - i + 1;
System.out.println(start+" ---> "+count);
//获取第二个元素的开始下标 = 结束下标+1
i = lastIndexOf+1;
}
}
String常用方法三
1> substring() / substring(1, 4) 获取字串
2> toCharArray() 将字符串转成char型数组
3> getBytes() / getBytes("GBK") 重点 获取底层编码值 也可以设置编码方式
4> startsWith("E") / endsWith("FG")
5> split("\\d") 以数字为分隔符
6> replace('B', 'z'); 替换单个字符或替换字符串
@Test
public void test(){
String s = "ABCDEFG";
String substring = s.substring(2);
System.out.println("substring = " + substring);
String substring1 = s.substring(1, 4);
System.out.println("substring1 = " + substring1);
}
@Test
public void test1(){
String s = "EFGABCD";
char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
//对数组进行排序
Arrays.sort(chars);
String string = Arrays.toString(chars);
//将数组转为字符串
String s1 = new String(chars);
System.out.println("s1 = " + s1);
}
@Test
public void test2() {
String s = "EFGABCD";
//bytes可以将当前数值转换为对应的编码值
byte[] bytes = s.getBytes();
System.out.println("bytes.toString() = " + Arrays.toString(bytes));
}
@Test
public void test3() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String s = "你好";
//在utf-8下一个汉字需要三个字节
byte[] bytes = s.getBytes();
String string = Arrays.toString(bytes);
System.out.println("string = " + string);
String s1 = "世界";
//gbk编码下一个汉字两个字节
byte[] gbks = s1.getBytes("GBK");
System.out.println("gbks.length = " + gbks.length);
System.out.println("------------------");
//编码不一致乱码
String s2 = new String(gbks, "utf-8");
System.out.println("s2" + s2);
}
@Test
public void test5(){
String s = "EFGABCD";
boolean ab = s.startsWith("E");
System.out.println("ab = " + ab);
boolean fg = s.endsWith("FG");
System.out.println("fg = " + fg);
}
@Test
public void test6(){
String s = "A1B1C1D1E1F1";
//分割
String[] split = s.split("1");
String string = Arrays.toString(split);
System.out.println("string = " + string);
}
@Test
public void test7(){
String str = "A1B2C3D4E5F6G";
String[] split = str.split("\\d");
String string = Arrays.toString(split);
System.out.println("string = " + string);
}
@Test
public void test8(){
String str = "A1B2C3D4E5F6G";
String replace = str.replace('B', 'z');
System.out.println("replace = " + replace);
String replace1 = str.replace("2C", "你好世界");
System.out.println(replace1);
}
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