理解和使用C++中的智能指针

           使用C++一个最大的好处是它的动态性。我们可以使用new ,delete 动态分配内存和释放内存。但是有时候就会出现一些问题，如果我们忘记删除用new创建的对象，将会出现内存泄露，在长期运行的系统中，甚至一个很小的内存泄露将会造成很大的问题。所以，怎么样保证每一个new对应一个delete呢？

          一个很好的办法是用C++中的auto_ptr变量。接下来讲使用智能指针来解决这个问题。 在MyAuto_Ptr类中实现智能指针，用类

MyTestObect 测试智能指针。

测试类：MyTestObect

class MyTestObject
{
    string name;
    int age;

public:
    MyTestObject(string s, int a)
    {
        name = s;
        age = a;
        cout << "Object created\n";
    }

    ~MyTestObject(void)
    {
        cout << "Object destroyed\n";
    }

    string GetName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    int GetAge()
    {
        return age;
    }
};

智能指针类：MyAuto_Ptr

获取指针

template <class T>
class MyAuto_Ptr
{
private:
    T *ptr;

public:

    //构造函数
    explicit MyAuto_Ptr(T *p = 0)
        :ptr(p)
    {

    }

    //析构函数
    ~MyAuto_Ptr(void)
    {
         delete ptr;
    }

    //复制构造函数
    MyAuto_Ptr(MyAuto_Ptr<T> &source)
    {
        ptr = source.ptr;

        //Since the ownership gets transferred lets point the source to 0
        source.ptr = 0;
    }

    MyAuto_Ptr& operator=(MyAuto_Ptr<T> &source)
    {
        //check for self reference
        if(ptr != source.ptr)
        {
            //flush the existing memory
            delete ptr;
            ptr = 0;

            // use the new pointer
            ptr = source.ptr;

            //Since the ownership gets transferred lets point the source to 0
            source.ptr = 0;

            return *this;
        }
    }

    //获取指针
    T& operator *()
    {
        return *ptr;
    }

    //

    T* operator ->()
    {
        return ptr;
    }

    //获取指针的值
    T* get()
    {
        return ptr;
    }

    //重设指针的值
    void reset(T *newVal)
    {
        delete ptr;
        ptr = newVal;
    }

    //release the pointer and returns the ownership
    T* release()
    {
        T *t = ptr;
        ptr = 0;
        return t;
    }
};

测试代码：

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    {//dummy brace to test the destruction
        MyAuto_Ptr<MyTestObject> p(new MyTestObject("Rahul Singh", 29));

        //test the -> operator
        cout << "Name: " << p->GetName() << ", Age: " << p->GetAge() << "\n";

        //test the transfer of ownership in copy constructor
        MyAuto_Ptr<MyTestObject> p2(p);

        //test the * operator
        cout << "Name: " << (*p2).GetName() << ", Age: " << (*p2).GetAge() << "\n";

        //test the transfer of ownership in assignment operator
        MyAuto_Ptr<MyTestObject> p3;
        p3 = p2;

        //test the get function
        cout << "Name: " << p3.get()->GetName() << ",
            Age: " << p3.get()->GetAge() << "\n";

        //lets test the reset function
        p3.reset(new MyTestObject("Megha Singh", 28));

        //test the get function
        cout << "Name: " << p3.get()->GetName() << ",
            Age: " << p3.get()->GetAge() << "\n";

        //finally lets test the release function
        MyAuto_Ptr<MyTestObject> p4(p3.release());

        cout << "Name: " << p4.get()->GetName() << ",
            Age: " << p4.get()->GetAge() << "\n";
    }
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

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