对于系统支持设备的ioctl号,你可以在/usr/include下面的头文件中找到,对于你自己的设备,如果需要使用ioctl接口,则需要定义自己 的ioctl号。以前的2.4中有个问题是,大家都随便定义自己的ioctl号,造成很大可能性的重复性。一个坏处是难以管理,另外一个是容易造成错误, 例如如果用户本来希望打开一个串口设备,结果通过open打开了网口,如果串口的某个ioctl号正好是网口的关闭操作,这样就会造成错误。在2.6里 面,你定义自己的ioctl号最好使用_IO, _IOR, _IOW和_IORW来定义,这些宏考虑了第三个参数的长度,设备的magic number,以及操作的方向等,避免了2.4中的问题 : _IO(type,nr)(给没有参数的命令), _IOR(type, nre, datatype)(给从驱动中读数据的), _IOW(type,nr,datatype)(给写数据), _IOWR(type,nr,datatype)(给双向传送). type 和 number 成员作为参数被传递, 并且 size 成员通过应用 sizeof 到 datatype 参数而得到 /* * linux/ioctl.h for Linux by H.H. Bergman. */ #ifndef _ASMARM_IOCTL_H #define _ASMARM_IOCTL_H /* ioctl command encoding: 32 bits total, command in lower 16 bits, * size of the parameter structure in the lower 14 bits of the * upper 16 bits. * Encoding the size of the parameter structure in the ioctl request * is useful for catching programs compiled with old versions * and to avoid overwriting user space outside the user buffer area. * The highest 2 bits are reserved for indicating the ``access mode''. * NOTE: This limits the max parameter size to 16kB -1 ! */ /* * The following is for compatibility across the various Linux * platforms. The i386 ioctl numbering scheme doesn't really enforce * a type field. De facto, however, the top 8 bits of the lower 16 * bits are indeed used as a type field, so we might just as well make * this explicit here. Please be sure to use the decoding macros * below from now on. */ #define _IOC_NRBITS 8 #define _IOC_TYPEBITS 8 #define _IOC_SIZEBITS 14 #define _IOC_DIRBITS 2 #define _IOC_NRMASK ((1 << _IOC_NRBITS)-1) #define _IOC_TYPEMASK ((1 << _IOC_TYPEBITS)-1) #define _IOC_SIZEMASK ((1 << _IOC_SIZEBITS)-1) #define _IOC_DIRMASK ((1 << _IOC_DIRBITS)-1) #define _IOC_NRSHIFT 0 #define _IOC_TYPESHIFT (_IOC_NRSHIFT+_IOC_NRBITS) #define _IOC_SIZESHIFT (_IOC_TYPESHIFT+_IOC_TYPEBITS) #define _IOC_DIRSHIFT (_IOC_SIZESHIFT+_IOC_SIZEBITS) /* * Direction bits. */ #define _IOC_NONE 0U #define _IOC_WRITE 1U #define _IOC_READ 2U #define _IOC(dir,type,nr,size) \ (((dir) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) | \ ((type) << _IOC_TYPESHIFT) | \ ((nr) << _IOC_NRSHIFT) | \ ((size) << _IOC_SIZESHIFT)) /* used to create numbers */ #define _IO(type,nr) _IOC(_IOC_NONE,(type),(nr),0) #define _IOR(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),sizeof(size)) #define _IOW(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size)) #define _IOWR(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size)) /* used to decode ioctl numbers.. */ #define _IOC_DIR(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_DIRSHIFT) & _IOC_DIRMASK) #define _IOC_TYPE(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_TYPESHIFT) & _IOC_TYPEMASK) #define _IOC_NR(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_NRSHIFT) & _IOC_NRMASK) #define _IOC_SIZE(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_SIZESHIFT) & _IOC_SIZEMASK) /* ...and for the drivers/sound files... */ #define IOC_IN (_IOC_WRITE << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) #define IOC_OUT (_IOC_READ << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) #define IOC_INOUT ((_IOC_WRITE|_IOC_READ) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) #define IOCSIZE_MASK (_IOC_SIZEMASK << _IOC_SIZESHIFT) #define IOCSIZE_SHIFT (_IOC_SIZESHIFT) #endif /* _ASMARM_IOCTL_H */ |