使用ioctl函数驱动风扇启动

linux操作系统中ioctl函数的使用

linux内核有意将设备的功能控制和数据的读写分成不同的函数完成，比如串口驱动，将串口的波特率、数据位宽等信息通过ioctl来实现，串口的数据收发通过read/write来实现

ioctl的API

系统调用函数： #include <sys/ioctl.h> int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long request, ...);

功能：通过功能码实现设备的控制

参数：

fd:设备文件的文件描述符

request:功能码

ioctl函数的功能码

 #define _IO(type,nr) _IOC(_IOC_NONE,(type),(nr),0)

#define _IOR(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))

#define _IOW(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))

#define _IOWR(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))

例：#define LED_ON _IOW('a',1,int)

代码示例:

驱动文件

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include"demo.h"
#define CNAME  "mycdev"

int major;//定义变量接收主设备号
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
gpio_t *vir_fan;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;
struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;
//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
      return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    //size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
     
       return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
       return size;
}
//close()
 long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    switch (cmd)
    {
        case FAN_ON:
            vir_fan->ODR |= (1 << 9);
            break;
        case FAN_OFF:
            vir_fan->ODR &= ~(1 << 9);
            break;
        default:
            printk("功能码错误\n");
            break;
    }
    return 0;
}

int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
       return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化

int fan_init(void)
{
    //进行物理地址的映射
    vir_fan = ioremap(PHY_FAN_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_fan == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_fan 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_fan 映射成功\n");
    
    vir_rcc = ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR, 4);
    if (vir_rcc == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_rcc 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_rcc 映射成功\n");
 
    //寄存器的初始化
    // fan
    vir_fan->MODER &= ~(3 << 18);
    vir_fan->MODER |= (1 << 18);
    vir_fan->ODR &= ~(1 << 9);
 
 
    (*vir_rcc) |= (1 << 4);
 
    return 0;
}
 
struct file_operations fops =
    {
        .open = mycdev_open,
        .read = mycdev_read,
        .write = mycdev_write,
        .unlocked_ioctl = ioctl,
        .release = mycdev_close,
};

//入口函数，当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
    
    //动态注册字符设备驱动
    major = register_chrdev(0, CNAME, &fops);
    if (major < 0)
    {
        printk("设备驱动注册失败\n");
        return major;
    }
    printk("注册成功major=%d\n", major);
 
    //向上提交目录
    cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "FAN");
    if (IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(cls);
    }
    printk("向上提交目录成功\n");
 
    //向上创建设备节点
    dev = device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "fan");
    if (IS_ERR(dev))
    {
        printk("向上创建设备节点失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(dev);
    }
    printk("向上创建设备节点成功\n");
 
    fan_init();
 
    return 0;
}
//出口函数，卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
     //销毁节点
    device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 0));
    //销毁目录
    class_destroy(cls);
 
    //取消物理内存映射
    iounmap(vir_fan);
    iounmap(vir_rcc);
    //注销字符设备驱动
    unregister_chrdev(major, CNAME);
    printk(KERN_ERR "kernel unload\n");
   
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

.h文件

#ifndef __FAN_H__
#define __FAN_H__

#define PHY_FAN_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR 0X50000A28
     typedef struct{
        volatile unsigned int MODER;
        volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
        volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
        volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
        volatile unsigned int IDR;
        volatile unsigned int ODR;
        volatile unsigned int BSRR;
    }gpio_t;

#define FAN_ON _IO('a',1)
#define FAN_OFF _IO('a',0)

#endif

应用层的c文件

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include"demo.h"

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char buf[128]={};
    int fd=open("/dev/demo",O_RDWR);
    int which;
    if(fd<0)
    {

        printf("打开设备文件失败\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("设备文件打开成功\n");
    //在终端输入
    while(1)
    {
       // printf("请输入控制命令3：开灯3 2:开灯2 1：开灯1 0：关灯\n");
       printf("请输入控制命令1：开风扇 0：关风扇\n");
        fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
    buf[strlen(buf)-1]='\0';
    if(buf[0]=='1')
    ioctl(fd,FAN_ON,&which);
    else
    ioctl(fd,FAN_OFF,&which);
    
    }
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}