802.11n采用了MIMO多天线技术,当存在两根天线(即假如是2X2时),在每种带宽下它存在16种速率(记为MCS0-MCS15,MCS:Modulation and coding scheme)(当有3根或者4根天线都同时能够发射数据的时候,理论上应该是1根天线时的3倍或4倍)。这16种速率分别是:
HT20时:(MCS0-MCS7) 6.5M、13M、19.5M、26M、39M、52M、58.5M、65M
(MCS8-MCS15) 13M、26M、39M、52M、78M、104M、117M、130M
HT40时:(MCS0-MCS7) 13.5M、27M、40.5M、54M、81M、108M、121.5M、135M
(MCS8-MCS15) 27M、54M、81M、108M、162M、216M、243M、270M
从上面可以看出,MCS8-MCS15分别是对应的MCS0-MCS7的两倍。这是因为在MCS8-MCS15时,采用了MIMO技术,一个数据流会分成两部分,分别由两个stream发出去,所以速度提高了一倍;而在MCS0-MCS7时,虽然两根天线也是同时发出信号,但这两路信号是一样的,所以速度只有MCS8-MCS15的一半。
下面示范HT20在MCS7时速率的计算方式。
每次传输的时间是4us(这点对于11a/11g相同),由于MCS7采用的是64QAM的调制技术,即每个子载波每次可传输6bit数据,同时,在MCS7时,码率(coding rate)是5/6,在HT20时,OFDM将20M带宽分割成56个子载波,其中有效传输数据的子载波数目为52。所以在HT20的MCS7时,速率=(1/4us)*(52*6bit)*5/6 = 65Mbit/s,
11N有效子载波数
HT20M子载波数量 56 ,其中52 个用于传输,4个用于引导帧
HT40M子载波数量 112 ,其中108 个用于传输,6个用于引导帧,64-QAM编码率5/6,数据比特率64=2^6,所以是6bit。GI时间是上面的TS时间,3.6/4us
所以11n的速度=(108*4*(5/6)*6)/(3.6) = 600 Mbp/s
而当有多根天线时只要乘以天线的个数就可以。其它速率的计算方式是一样的。
注意:
1、用于MIMO的空间流的数量(spatial streams):802.11n支持单数据流模式,标准最大数据流数量限制到4个。不过,理论上该数量是无限的,但在实际上有意义的数值非常小;
2、调制方案:与802.11g/802.11a中所用的调制模式一样,即BPSK(二相键控)、QPSK(四相键控)、16QAM和64QAM;
3、编码率:这也没有实质的变化,即1/2、2/3、3/4和5/6;
Guard Interval
The CP" time to the inverse FFT time "T(IFFT)." The guard interval is used to eliminate inter-symbol and inter-carrier interference. A copy of the last guard interval T(GI) of the useful symbol period "T(IFFT)", termed Cyclic Prefix "CP", is used to collect multipath, while maintaining the orthogonality of the subcarriers. Each symbol is transmitted for a slightly longer time, extended symbol time T(s), than the active (or useful) symbol time T(IFFT). The extra time is the guard interval.
is the ratio of the Cyclic Prefix "- 1/8: Sets the to 1/8 (see Guard Interval Time Calculation below)
- 1/4: Sets the to 1/4 (see Guard Interval Time Calculation below)
- Other: Enables you to enter values between 0 to 1.
The (GI) is specified as a fraction (percentage) of the inverse FFT time period T(IFFT). For 802.11a, the only selection is a of 1/4 (1/8 is greyed). For HIPERLAN/2, both 1/4 and 1/8 are selections. The selection allows the input of a non-standard value between 0 and 1.
time period TGuard Interval (TGI) Time Calculation
The following table shows calculated OFDM signal:
values for a HIPERLAN/2
| Guard Interval | T(FFT) | T(GI) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/4 | 3.2 µs | 0.8 µs |
|
| 1/8 | 3.2 µs | 0.4 µs |
|
| where: |
可以看到802.11A/G/N的GI可以分为1/4或者1/8;一个OFDM符号的时间TS=T(IFFT)+T(GI) ,所以有3.6us(短保护间隔,1/8),4us(长保护间隔,1/4)。下图Data rate中的800ns GI或者400ns GI值对应上面的T(GI).
MCS index | Spatial streams | Modulation type | Coding rate | Data rate (Mbit/s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 MHz channel | 40 MHz channel | ||||||
800 ns GI | 400 ns GI | 800 ns GI | 400 ns GI | ||||
0 | 1 | BPSK | 1/2 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 13.5 | 15 |
1 | 1 | QPSK | 1/2 | 13 | 14.4 | 27 | 30 |
2 | 1 | QPSK | 3/4 | 19.5 | 21.7 | 40.5 | 45 |
3 | 1 | 16-QAM | 1/2 | 26 | 28.9 | 54 | 60 |
4 | 1 | 16-QAM | 3/4 | 39 | 43.3 | 81 | 90 |
5 | 1 | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 52 | 57.8 | 108 | 120 |
6 | 1 | 64-QAM | 3/4 | 58.5 | 65 | 121.5 | 135 |
7 | 1 | 64-QAM | 5/6 | 65 | 72.2 | 135 | 150 |
8 | 2 | BPSK | 1/2 | 13 | 14.4 | 27 | 30 |
9 | 2 | QPSK | 1/2 | 26 | 28.9 | 54 | 60 |
10 | 2 | QPSK | 3/4 | 39 | 43.3 | 81 | 90 |
11 | 2 | 16-QAM | 1/2 | 52 | 57.8 | 108 | 120 |
12 | 2 | 16-QAM | 3/4 | 78 | 86.7 | 162 | 180 |
13 | 2 | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 104 | 115.6 | 216 | 240 |
14 | 2 | 64-QAM | 3/4 | 117 | 130 | 243 | 270 |
15 | 2 | 64-QAM | 5/6 | 130 | 144.4 | 270 | 300 |
16 | 3 | BPSK | 1/2 | 19.5 | 21.7 | 40.5 | 45 |
17 | 3 | QPSK | 1/2 | 39 | 43.3 | 81 | 90 |
18 | 3 | QPSK | 3/4 | 58.5 | 65 | 121.5 | 135 |
19 | 3 | 16-QAM | 1/2 | 78 | 86.7 | 162 | 180 |
20 | 3 | 16-QAM | 3/4 | 117 | 130 | 243 | 270 |
21 | 3 | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 156 | 173.3 | 324 | 360 |
22 | 3 | 64-QAM | 3/4 | 175.5 | 195 | 364.5 | 405 |
23 | 3 | 64-QAM | 5/6 | 195 | 216.7 | 405 | 450 |
24 | 4 | BPSK | 1/2 | 26 | 28.8 | 54 | 60 |
25 | 4 | QPSK | 1/2 | 52 | 57.6 | 108 | 120 |
26 | 4 | QPSK | 3/4 | 78 | 86.8 | 162 | 180 |
27 | 4 | 16-QAM | 1/2 | 104 | 115.6 | 216 | 240 |
28 | 4 | 16-QAM | 3/4 | 156 | 173.2 | 324 | 360 |
29 | 4 | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 208 | 231.2 | 432 | 480 |
30 | 4 | 64-QAM | 3/4 | 234 | 260 | 486 | 540 |
31 | 4 | 64-QAM | 5/6 | 260 | 288.8 | 540 | 600 |
32 | 1 | BPSK | 1/2 | N/A | N/A | 6.5 | 7.2 |
物理层 | 带宽(数据子载波频率的个数) | × | 空间流个数 | × | 每个子载波的数据比特 | ÷ | 每个正交频分多路复用符号的时间 | = | 物理层数据速率(bps) |
11n或11ac | 56(20MHz) | 1到4个 | 最多5/6×log2(64)=5 | 3.6us(短保护间隔) 4us(长保护间隔) |
| ||||
108(40MHz) |
| ||||||||
11ac | 234(80MHz) | 5到8个 | 最多5/6×log2(256)≈6.67 |
| |||||
2×234(160MHz) |
|