org.apache.lucene.analysis(二)

本文探讨了Lucene中的Analyzer在索引和搜索过程中的应用,强调了选择合适分析器对查询质量和性能的重要性。分析器通常由Lucene在添加文档和查询时自动调用,但也可用于应用中的文本分析。相同分析器应用于索引和搜索以确保匹配,但在某些场景下可能需要不同分析器,如更严格的停用词过滤或同义词处理。创建自定义分析器涉及组合CharFilter、Tokenizer和TokenFilter。
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Invoking the Analyzer

应用程序通常不会调用分析,而是由 Lucene 来执行。应用构建 Analyzers 然后传递到 Lucene,如下:

  • 在索引时,作为 addDocument(doc) 的结果,将为添加的文档的每个索引字段调用实际上用于索引的 Analyzer。
  • 在搜索时,QueryParser 可能在分析阶段执行 Analyzer。注意在一些查询中,不会进行分析,比如,通配符查询。

然而,应用可能会执行一些文本的 Analysis 用于其他目的,比如:

Version matchVersion = Version.LUCENE_XY; // Substitute desired Lucene version for XY
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(matchVersion); // or any other analyzer
TokenStream ts = analyzer.tokenStream("myfield", new StringReader("some text goes here"));
// The Analyzer class will construct the Tokenizer, TokenFilter(s), and CharFilter(s),
//   and pass the resulting Reader to the Tokenizer.
OffsetAttribute offsetAtt = ts.addAttribute(OffsetAttribute.class);

try {
  ts.reset(); // Resets this stream to the beginning. (Required)
  while (ts.incrementToken()) {
    // Use AttributeSource.reflectAsString(boolean)
    // for token stream debugging.
    System.out.println("token: " + ts.reflectAsString(true));

    System.out.println("token start offset: " + offsetAtt.startOffset());
    System.out.println("  token end offset: " + offsetAtt.endOffset());
  }
  ts.end();   // Perform end-of-stream operations, e.g. set the final offset.
} finally {
  ts.close(); // Release resources associated with this stream.
}

Index Analysis vs. Search Analysis

选择“正确的”分析器对于查询质量来说很重要,并且也会影响到索引和查询的性能。应用程序的“正确”分析器将取决于输入文本的外观以及您要解决的问题。Lucene java 的 wiki 页面上提供了一些关于 “analyzing your analyzer”的数据。
以下是一些经验法则:

  1. Test test test…
  2. 要小心分析太多 —— 那可能会损害索引性能
  3. 使用相同的分析器进行索引和搜索,否则搜索将找不到他们应该找到的东西……
  4. 有些情况下索引和搜索需要不同的分析器,例如:
    • 某些搜索需要过滤更多的 stop word。(也就是说,比那些在索引时被过滤的要多)
    • 通过同义词、首字母缩写、自动拼写纠正等进行查询等等。
      这有时可能需要一个修改过的分析器—请参阅下一节如何做到这一点。

Implementing your own Analyzer and Analysis Components

创建自己的 Analyzer 非常简单。你的 Analyzer 应该是 Analyzer 的子类。它可以使用现有的分析组件 —— CharFilter(s)(可选的),Tokenizer,和 TokenFilter(s)(可选) —— 或创建组件,或用现有组件和新创建组件的组合。在采用这种方法之前,你会发现探索 analyzers-common 库或者发邮件询问 java-user@lucene.apache.org mailing list 看看你需要的是否早已存在是非常值得的。如果你仍然坚定的去创建你自己的 Analyzer,请查看此包中众多示例中的任何一个的源代码。
下面的部分将讨论实现您自己的分析器的一些方面。

说明:依赖jar包:lucene-core-2.3.2.jar、IKAnalyzer3.2.8.jar。 一、LuceneUtil 工具类代码: package com.zcm.lucene; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.StringReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer; import org.apache.lucene.document.Document; import org.apache.lucene.document.Field; import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter; import org.apache.lucene.index.Term; import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.MultiFieldQueryParser; import org.apache.lucene.search.BooleanClause; import org.apache.lucene.search.Hits; import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher; import org.apache.lucene.search.Query; import org.wltea.analyzer.IKSegmentation; import org.wltea.analyzer.Lexeme; /** * Apache Lucene全文检索和IKAnalyzer分词工具类 * Company: 91注册码 * time:2014-04-22 * @author www.91zcm.com * @date * @version 1.1 */ public class LuceneUtil { /**索引创建的路径**/ private static String LucenePath = "d://index"; /** * 创建索引 * @throws Exception */ public static int createIndex(List list) throws Exception{ /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); /**注意最后一个boolean类型的参数:表示是否重新创建,true表示新创建(以前存在时回覆盖)**/ IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,true); for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); indexWriter.addDocument(doc); } /**查看IndexWriter里面有多少个索引**/ int num = indexWriter.docCount(); System.out.println("总共------》" + num); indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); return num; } /** * IKAnalyzer分词 * @param word * @return * @throws IOException */ public static List tokenWord(String word) throws IOException{ List tokenArr = new ArrayList(); StringReader reader = new StringReader(word); /**当为true时,分词器进行最大词长切分**/ IKSegmentation ik = new IKSegmentation(reader, true); Lexeme lexeme = null; while ((lexeme = ik.next()) != null){ tokenArr.add(lexeme.getLexemeText()); } return tokenArr; } /** * 创建索引(单个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void addIndex(LuceneVO vo) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer, false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); indexWriter.addDocument(doc); /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(多个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void addIndexs(List list) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ for (int i=0; i<list.size();i++){ LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); indexWriter.addDocument(doc); } /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 更新索引(单个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void updateIndex(LuceneVO vo) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.updateDocument(term, doc); /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(多个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void updateIndexs(List list) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ for (int i=0; i<list.size();i++){ LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.updateDocument(term, doc); } /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(单个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void deleteIndex(LuceneVO vo) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.deleteDocuments(term); /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(多个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void deleteIndexs(List list) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**删除索引 **/ for (int i=0; i<list.size();i++){ LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.deleteDocuments(term); } /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 检索数据 * @param word * @return */ public static List search(String word) { List list = new ArrayList(); Hits hits = null; try { IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(LucenePath); String[] queries = {word,word}; String[] fields = {"title", "remark"}; BooleanClause.Occur[] flags = {BooleanClause.Occur.SHOULD, BooleanClause.Occur.SHOULD}; Query query = MultiFieldQueryParser.parse(queries, fields, flags, new StandardAnalyzer()); if (searcher != null) { /**hits结果**/ hits = searcher.search(query); LuceneVO vo = null; for (int i = 0; i < hits.length(); i++) { Document doc = hits.doc(i); vo = new LuceneVO(); vo.setAid(Integer.parseInt(doc.get("aid"))); vo.setRemark(doc.get("remark")); vo.setTitle(doc.get("title")); list.add(vo); } } } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } return list; } } Lucene用到的JavaBean代码: package com.zcm.lucene; /** * Apache Lucene全文检索用到的Bean * Company: 91注册码 * time:2014-04-22 * @author www.91zcm.com * @date * @version 1.1 */ public class LuceneVO { private Integer aid; /**文章ID**/ private String title; /**文章标题**/ private String remark; /**文章摘要**/ public Integer getAid() { return aid; } public void setAid(Integer aid) { this.aid = aid; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public String getRemark() { return remark; } public void setRemark(String remark) { this.remark = remark; } } 备注:源码来源于www.91zcm.com 开源博客中的全文检索代码。(http://www.91zcm.com/)
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