语言分析包org.apache.lucene.analysis

Analyzer是一个抽象类,司职对文本内容的切分词规则。

 


切分后返回一个TokenStream,TokenStream中有一个非常重要方法next(),即取到下一个词。简单点说,通过切词规则,把一篇文章从头到尾分成一个个的词,这就是org.apache.lucene.analysis的工作。

 


对英文而言,其分词规则很简单,因为每个单词间都有一个空格,按空格取单词即可,当然为了提高英文检索的准确度,也可以把一些短语作为一个整体,其间不切分,这就需要一个词库,对德文、俄文也是类似,稍有不同。

 


对中文而言,文字之间都是相连的,没有空格,但我们同样可以把字切分,即把每个汉字作为一个词切分,这就是所谓的“切字”,但切字方式方式的索引没有意义,准确率太低,要想提高准确度一般都是切词,这就需要一个词库,词库越大准确度将越高,但入库效率越低。

 


若要支持中文切词,则需要扩展Analyzer类,根据词库中的词把文章切分。


简单点说,org.apache.lucene.analysis就是完成将文章切分词的任务

 

本文来自CSDN博客,转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/hjpengjava/archive/2008/12/17/3537671.aspx

 

 

 

我们来看一个中文的应用吧:

 

package com.wellhope.lucene;

import java.io.StringReader;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Token;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenStream;
import org.mira.lucene.analysis.IK_CAnalyzer;

public class ShowResult {
public static void show(Analyzer a, String s) throws Exception {

StringReader reader = new StringReader(s);
TokenStream ts = a.tokenStream(s, reader);


Token t = ts.next();
while (t != null) {
System.out.println(t.termText());
t = ts.next();
}
}

public static void main (String [] args) throws Exception {
Analyzer a = new IK_CAnalyzer();
String key = "中华人民共和国";
show(a, key);
}
}


输出结果:
中华人民共和国
中华人民
中华
华人
人民共和国
人民

共和国
共和

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说明:依赖jarlucene-core-2.3.2.jar、IKAnalyzer3.2.8.jar。 一、LuceneUtil 工具类代码: package com.zcm.lucene; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.StringReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer; import org.apache.lucene.document.Document; import org.apache.lucene.document.Field; import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter; import org.apache.lucene.index.Term; import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.MultiFieldQueryParser; import org.apache.lucene.search.BooleanClause; import org.apache.lucene.search.Hits; import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher; import org.apache.lucene.search.Query; import org.wltea.analyzer.IKSegmentation; import org.wltea.analyzer.Lexeme; /** * Apache Lucene全文检索和IKAnalyzer分词工具类 * Company: 91注册码 * time:2014-04-22 * @author www.91zcm.com * @date * @version 1.1 */ public class LuceneUtil { /**索引创建的路径**/ private static String LucenePath = "d://index"; /** * 创建索引 * @throws Exception */ public static int createIndex(List list) throws Exception{ /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); /**注意最后一个boolean类型的参数:表示是否重新创建,true表示新创建(以前存在时回覆盖)**/ IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,true); for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); indexWriter.addDocument(doc); } /**查看IndexWriter里面有多少个索引**/ int num = indexWriter.docCount(); System.out.println("总共------》" + num); indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); return num; } /** * IKAnalyzer分词 * @param word * @return * @throws IOException */ public static List tokenWord(String word) throws IOException{ List tokenArr = new ArrayList(); StringReader reader = new StringReader(word); /**当为true时,分词器进行最大词长切分**/ IKSegmentation ik = new IKSegmentation(reader, true); Lexeme lexeme = null; while ((lexeme = ik.next()) != null){ tokenArr.add(lexeme.getLexemeText()); } return tokenArr; } /** * 创建索引(单个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void addIndex(LuceneVO vo) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer, false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); indexWriter.addDocument(doc); /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(多个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void addIndexs(List list) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ for (int i=0; i<list.size();i++){ LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); indexWriter.addDocument(doc); } /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 更新索引(单个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void updateIndex(LuceneVO vo) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.updateDocument(term, doc); /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(多个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void updateIndexs(List list) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**增加document到索引去 **/ for (int i=0; i<list.size();i++){ LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Document doc = new Document(); Field FieldId = new Field("aid", String.valueOf(vo.getAid()),Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO); Field FieldTitle = new Field("title", vo.getTitle(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); Field FieldRemark = new Field("remark", vo.getRemark(), Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.WITH_POSITIONS_OFFSETS); doc.add(FieldId); doc.add(FieldTitle); doc.add(FieldRemark); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.updateDocument(term, doc); } /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(单个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void deleteIndex(LuceneVO vo) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.deleteDocuments(term); /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 创建索引(多个) * @param list * @throws Exception */ public static void deleteIndexs(List list) throws Exception { /**这里放索引文件的位置**/ File indexDir = new File(LucenePath); Analyzer luceneAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, luceneAnalyzer,false); /**删除索引 **/ for (int i=0; i<list.size();i++){ LuceneVO vo = (LuceneVO)list.get(i); Term term = new Term("aid",String.valueOf(vo.getAid())); indexWriter.deleteDocuments(term); } /**optimize()方法是对索引进行优化 **/ indexWriter.optimize(); indexWriter.close(); } /** * 检索数据 * @param word * @return */ public static List search(String word) { List list = new ArrayList(); Hits hits = null; try { IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(LucenePath); String[] queries = {word,word}; String[] fields = {"title", "remark"}; BooleanClause.Occur[] flags = {BooleanClause.Occur.SHOULD, BooleanClause.Occur.SHOULD}; Query query = MultiFieldQueryParser.parse(queries, fields, flags, new StandardAnalyzer()); if (searcher != null) { /**hits结果**/ hits = searcher.search(query); LuceneVO vo = null; for (int i = 0; i < hits.length(); i++) { Document doc = hits.doc(i); vo = new LuceneVO(); vo.setAid(Integer.parseInt(doc.get("aid"))); vo.setRemark(doc.get("remark")); vo.setTitle(doc.get("title")); list.add(vo); } } } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } return list; } } 二、Lucene用到的JavaBean代码: package com.zcm.lucene; /** * Apache Lucene全文检索用到的Bean * Company: 91注册码 * time:2014-04-22 * @author www.91zcm.com * @date * @version 1.1 */ public class LuceneVO { private Integer aid; /**文章ID**/ private String title; /**文章标题**/ private String remark; /**文章摘要**/ public Integer getAid() { return aid; } public void setAid(Integer aid) { this.aid = aid; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public String getRemark() { return remark; } public void setRemark(String remark) { this.remark = remark; } } 备注:源码来源于www.91zcm.com 开源博客中的全文检索代码。(http://www.91zcm.com/)

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