java中使用protocbuf协议

一，什么是Protobuf

官方文档给出的是：

a language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible way of serializing structured data for use in communications protocols, data storage, and more.

 

二，Protobuf的优点

1，性能好，效率高

2，代码生成机制，数据解析类自动生成

3，支持向后兼容和向前兼容

4，支持多种编程语言（java，c++，python）

5，参考文档：http://blog.csdn.net/caisini_vc/article/details/5599468

 

三，Protobuf的缺点

1， 应用不够广

2， 二进制格式导致可读性差（二进制格式）

3， 缺乏自描述

官方文档描述如下：for instance, protocol buffers would not be a good way to model a text-based document with markup (e.g. HTML), since you cannot easily interleave structure with text

下面是自己的一个小案例：

第一步：准备两个文件 protoc.exe 和protobuf-Java-2.5.0.jar

第二步：建立一个工程test

第三部：建立一个msg.proto文件

option java_package = "com.protobuftest.protobuf"; 
 2 option java_outer_classname = "PersonProbuf"; 
 3  
 4 message Person 
 5 { 
 6   required string name = 1; 
 7   required int32 id = 2; 
 8   optional string email = 3; 
 9  
10   enum PhoneType 
11   { 
12     MOBILE = 0; 
13     HOME = 1; 
14     WORK = 2; 
15   } 
16  
17   message PhoneNumber
18   { 
19     required string number = 1; 
20     optional PhoneType type = 2 [default = HOME]; 
21   } 
22  
23   repeated PhoneNumber phone = 4; 
24  
25   message CountryInfo 
26   {
27           required string name = 1;
28           required string code = 2;
29           optional int32 number = 3;
30   }
31 } 
32  
33 message AddressBook
34  { 
35   repeated Person person = 1; 
36 } 

第四步 ：生成 java文件：在proto.exe目录下：protoc  --java_out=./src   ./proto/msg.proto

package com.bluedon.test;
import java.util.List;
import com.bluedon.proto.PersonProbuf;
import com.bluedon.proto.PersonProbuf.Person;
import com.bluedon.proto.PersonProbuf.Person.PhoneNumber;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PersonProbuf.Person.Builder builder = PersonProbuf.Person.newBuilder();
builder.setEmail("xiaoming@163.com");
builder.setId(1);
builder.setName("小明");
builder.addPhone(PersonProbuf.Person.PhoneNumber.newBuilder().setNumber("1001").setType(PersonProbuf.Person.PhoneType.MOBILE));
builder.addPhone(PersonProbuf.Person.PhoneNumber.newBuilder().setNumber("10086").setType(PersonProbuf.Person.PhoneType.MOBILE));
Person person = builder.build();
byte[] buf = person.toByteArray();
try{
Person person1 = PersonProbuf.Person.parseFrom(buf);
System.out.println(person1.getName()+","+person1.getEmail());
List<PhoneNumber> list= person1.getPhoneList();
for (PhoneNumber phoneNumber : list) {
System.out.println(phoneNumber.getNumber());
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(buf);
}
}