C# 操作rabbitmq（四）

此篇介绍rabbitmq的Topic

一、虽然Routing可以让我们用更适合于工作业务的方式操作消息队列，但还是存在一定的局限性，例如不能同时适应多个，比如我们不仅想要监听来自cron的错误消息，也要坚定kern的消息，而Topic类型的exchange可以解决这个问题。

二、Topic exchange
topic exchange 发送的消息，routing-key不能是任意的，必须是一个以…为界的列表，列表的单词可以是任意的。有效的routing-key例如：”stock.usd.nyse”, “nyse.vmw”, “quick.orange.rabbit”. 可以是多个单词组成，但是不能参过255个字符。
* (star) 可以取代其中的一个word.
# (hash) 可以取代0或多个word.

建立这样的一个routingKey : “< speed>.< colour>.< species>”.
Q1 对于颜色为orange的感兴趣，订阅了它
Q2 想监听关于rabbit是的所有和光宇lazy的一切.

如果我们使用一个或四个word，像”orange”或”quick.orange.male.rabbit”，因为匹配不到，消息会丢失
“lazy.orange.male.rabbit”, 则会匹配最后一个binding规则，会被分发给Q2

三、实例

publish

using System;
using System.Linq;
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using System.Text;

class EmitLogTopic
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
        using(var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
        using(var channel = connection.CreateModel())
        {
            channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "topic_logs",
                                    type: "topic");

            var routingKey = (args.Length > 0) ? args[0] : "anonymous.info";
            var message = (args.Length > 1)
                          ? string.Join(" ", args.Skip( 1 ).ToArray())
                          : "Hello World!";
            var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
            channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "topic_logs",
                                 routingKey: routingKey,
                                 basicProperties: null,
                                 body: body);
            Console.WriteLine(" [x] Sent '{0}':'{1}'", routingKey, message);
        }
    }
}

subscribe

using System;
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
using System.Text;

class ReceiveLogsTopic
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
        using(var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
        using(var channel = connection.CreateModel())
        {
            channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "topic_logs", type: "topic");
            var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;

            if(args.Length < 1)
            {
                Console.Error.WriteLine("Usage: {0} [binding_key...]",
                                        Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[0]);
                Console.WriteLine(" Press [enter] to exit.");
                Console.ReadLine();
                Environment.ExitCode = 1;
                return;
            }

            foreach(var bindingKey in args)
            {
                channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName,
                                  exchange: "topic_logs",
                                  routingKey: bindingKey);
            }

            Console.WriteLine(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

            var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
            consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
            {
                var body = ea.Body;
                var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
                var routingKey = ea.RoutingKey;
                Console.WriteLine(" [x] Received '{0}':'{1}'",
                                  routingKey,
                                  message);
            };
            channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName,
                                 autoAck: true,
                                 consumer: consumer);

            Console.WriteLine(" Press [enter] to exit.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}