大家都知道opencv的安装方式有两种,一种是直接pip安装,一种是源码安装,据网上资料所查,两者没多大区别。我以前都习惯用第一种,但是我有时候在想linux环境下如果我想构建c++项目,那么我怎么调用pip安装的opencv包呢?或者如果我源码编译的,c++项目和python项目是否都可以直接调用呢?还是说我把它们分开,源码编译的c++调用,pip安装的给python?直觉告诉我第三种可行性最高,带着这个疑问,我苦苦搜寻了一圈,发现没啥收获?于是我决定自己动手实践一下。下面就是基于docker的一次实践踩坑过程记录篇。
(1)拉取镜像
docker pull ubuntu
docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu
docker exec -it ubuntu-test /bin/bash
(2)安装python与pip
apt-get update
apt-get install python3
apt-get install python3-pip
当python与pip安装好以后就开始了今天的正式踏坑之旅了。
》pip安装opencv
pip install opencv-python -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
这里直接用的pip而不是pip3,安装成功,pip list也可以正常显示,但是导入的时候出现了问题
ImportError: libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决方法:
apt update apt install libgl1-mesa-glx
ImportError: libgthread-2.0.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
现在python3 -c "import cv2"终于没有报错了。
》源码安装opencv
1、先安装依赖文件
apt-get install build-essential
apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
apt-get install python3-dev python3-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
第三步出现E: Unable to locate package libjasper-dev错误
解决办法
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-get update
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
由于镜像中没有wget,下载速度慢,于是本机下载,然后再cp到容器中
docker cp E:/Compressed/opencv-3.2.0.zip c45b:/home/
2、gcc/g++降低版本(可选)
gcc --version ##显示版本信息版本过高,于是将其降到4.8,但是在apt-get install gcc-4.8显示E: Package 'gcc-4.8' has no installation candidate,于是对容器换源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup #首先备份源列表
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
###替换原来内容
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
###更新下载安装
apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y gcc-4.8
sudo apt-get install -y g++-4.8
##安装
cd /usr/bin
sudo rm gcc
sudo ln -s gcc-4.8 gcc
sudo rm g++
sudo ln -s g++-4.8 g++
3、开始cmake配置
cd /local/sdb/tools/opencv-4.1.2/build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv_4.1.2 ..
出现错误Fix libpng12-0 Missing In Ubuntu 18.04, 19.10, 20.04 Or 20.10,解决方法
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linuxuprising/libpng12
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libpng12-0
中间出现
但是并没有终止报错,所以后续也没操作,继续后面的处理,事实告诉好像这个两个库并没啥大影响。
最后编译结果:
4、编译安装
sudo make
sudo make install
完成以后,到/usr/local/opencv_4.1.2文件夹下会生成4个编译安装好的文件,分别是bin、include、lib、share。可以通过如下指令查看opencv版本信息
pkg-config --modversion opencv
再下来用一个实例来检测一下安装好的opencv
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
int main(int argc,char **argv){
cv::Mat src(300,500,CV_8UC3,cv::Scalar::all(255));
cv::imshow("hello-opencv",src);
cv::waitKey(0);
}
编译
g++ -std=c++11 `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -o test test.cpp `pkg-config --libs opencv`
出现了下面这个错误
Package opencv was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `opencv.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'opencv' found
解决方法就是添加这个文件然后将其导入到环境变量中,具体操作如下:
首先创建opencv.pc文件,这里要注意它的路径信息:
cd /usr/local/opencv_4.1.2/lib
sudo mkdir pkgconfig
cd pkgconfig
vi opencv.pc
然后在opencv.pc中添加以下信息,注意这些信息需要与自己安装opencv时的库路径对应:
prefix=/usr/local/opencv_4.1.2
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv4/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include/opencv4
Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 4.1.2
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_ml -lopencv_core -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_photo -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_flann -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_gapi -lopencv_video -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgcodecs
Libs.private: -ldl -lm -lpthread -lrt
Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}
保存退出,然后将文件导入到环境变量:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/opencv_4.1.2/lib/pkgconfig
至此就配置好opencv.pc啦,再执行 pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv时输出结果如下:
-I/usr/local/include/opencv4 -L/usr/local/lib \
-lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_objdetect \
-lopencv_superres -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_calib3d \
-lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio \
-lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_video -lopencv_photo -lopencv_ml \
-lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann -lopencv_core
接着继续上面的编译过程,成功编译生成test可执行文件,但是输入./test后又出现了error while loading shared libraries: libopencv_core.so.4.1: cannot open shared错误,但是在lib文件夹下都有,于是又开始填坑,
cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d
vi openCV.conf
###写入如下内容,根据自己的路径修改,然后保存退出
/usr/local/opencv_4.1.2/lib
sudo ldconfig
再运行./test完美运行,终于完成了这次的踩坑之旅。
5、打包制作自己的镜像并上传到阿里云
打包命令如下
docker commit c45be(容器id) ubuntu_opencv:v1
然后上传到阿里云镜像
1.登录阿里云Docker Registry
$ docker login --username=xiaoxiaoamu****@163.com registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
用于登录的用户名为阿里云账号全名,密码为开通服务时设置的密码。
您可以在访问凭证页面修改凭证密码。
2.从Registry中拉取镜像
$ docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/tf_1/ubuntu_opencv:[镜像版本号]
3.将镜像推送到Registry
$ docker login --username=xiaoxiaoamu****@163.com registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com$ docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/tf_1/ubuntu_opencv:[镜像版本号]$ docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/tf_1/ubuntu_opencv:[镜像版本号]
如果大家有需要可以直接pull一下就可以啦,
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/tf_1/ubuntu_opencv:v1
好了,实验结果告诉我们两者分开安装是可行的!哈哈哈,那接下来就是自己愉快的玩耍啦!顺便吐槽一下,源码编译真的坑太多了,而且还慢!!!
参考链接:
1、Ubuntu系统上OpenCV 4.1.2 源码的编译与安装_zhangjd10的博客-CSDN博客
2、Package opencv was not found in the pkg-config search path._Hundreays-CSDN博客