IPC -------------共享内存全攻略

共享内存：

1. 共享内存是一种最为有效的进程间通信方式，进程可以直接读写内存，更不需要任何数据的拷贝

2.为了多个进程之间交互信息，内核专门留出一块内存区，可由需要访问的进程将其映射到自己的私有地址空间

3.进程可以直接读取这一段内存区，而不需要数据的拷贝，从而大大的提高了效率

4.由于多个进程共享一段内存，因此需要某种同步机制，如互斥和信号量等

练习:实现用共享内存实现两程序间通信，即程序在终端将数据写入内存中，另一程序将该段内存数据读出，并输出

注意：进程间同步是该程序的关键

调试：

1   ./write    /

2   /read      /

注意:本程序运行时，需要先运行写端，这也是本程序的缺陷之处

运行效果：

写端输入：

读端输出：

write.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#define MMSIZE 1024
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
void handler(int signum)
{
	return;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	key_t key;
	int sh_id;
	pid_t pid;
	char *addr = NULL;
	signal(SIGUSR1,handler);

	if((key = ftok(argv[1],'k') )  < 0)
	{
		perror("FAIL TO GET THE KEY:");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if( (sh_id = shmget(key,MMSIZE,IPC_CREAT | 0666)) < 0 )
	{
		perror("FAIL TO CREAT THE SHARE MEMORY");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	printf("write sh_id is %d\n",sh_id);

   if((addr = (char *)shmat(sh_id,NULL,0)) == (char *)-1)
	{
		perror("FAIL TO SNATCH  SHARE MEMORY");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	printf("the write id is %d\n",getpid());

	*((int *)addr)= getpid();

	pause();
	pid = *((int *)addr);
	printf("the read id is %d\n",pid);
	while(1)
	{
		fgets(addr,MMSIZE,stdin);
		addr[strlen(addr) - 1] = '\0';
		kill(pid,SIGUSR1);
		pause;
		if(strncmp(addr,"quit",4) == 0)
		{
			
			if(shmdt(addr) < 0)
			{
				perror("FAIL TO EXTRACTE  SHAE MEMORY");
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			if(shmctl(sh_id,IPC_RMID,NULL) < 0)
			{
				perror("FAIL TO SHMTL:");
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			goto next;
		}
	}
next:
	kill(pid,SIGUSR1);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	return 0;
}

read.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#define MMSIZE 1024
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void handler(int signum)
{
	return;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	key_t key;
	int sh_id;
	pid_t pid;
	char *addr = NULL;
	signal(SIGUSR1,handler);
	if((key = ftok(argv[1],'k') )  < 0)
	{
		perror("FAIL TO GET THE KEY:");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	if( (sh_id = shmget(key,MMSIZE,IPC_CREAT | 0666)) < 0 )
	{
		perror("FAIL TO CREAT THE SHARE MEMORY");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	printf("read sh_id is %d\n",sh_id);
   if((addr = (char *)shmat(sh_id,NULL,0)) == (char *)-1)
	{
		perror("FAIL TO SNATCH  SHARE MEMORY");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	printf("the read id is %d\n",getpid());

	pid = *((int *)addr);
	printf("the write id is %d\n",pid);
	*((int *)addr) = getpid();
	kill(pid,SIGUSR1);	
	
	while(1)
	{
		pause();
		printf("%s\n",addr);
		kill(pid,SIGUSR1);
		if(strncmp(addr,"quit",4) == 0)
		{
			
		if(shmdt(addr) < 0)
		{
			perror("FAIL TO EXTRACTE  SHAE MEMORY");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
			goto next;
		}
	}
next:
	kill(pid,SIGUSR1);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	return 0;
}