Linux实现的 ping

#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
int  socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, intprotocol);
nprotocol参数一般不能为0，如：IPPROTO_ICMP。另外，只有超级用户才能创建原始套接字。
n用户可以通过设置IP_HDRINCL选项来编写自己的IP数据报首部：
constinton = 1;
setsockopt(sockfd,IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &on, sizeof(on));
n可以调用bind函数绑定原始套接字的本地IP地址，此时，所有输出的数据报将用到源IP地址（仅当IP_HDRINCL未设置时）；如果不调用bind函数，由内核将源IP地址设成外出接口的主IP地址；
n可以调用connect函数设置数据报的目的地址（注意并不需要真正的连接）。此后，可直接调用write或send。

n注意：bind和connect时，端口已经没有意义了

#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define PACKET_SIZE     4096
#define MAX_WAIT_TIME   1
#define MAX_NO_PACKETS  2

char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];

int Netsockfd;
int datalen=56;
int nsend=0;
int nreceived=0;
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;
pid_t Netpid;
struct sockaddr_in from;
struct timeval tvrecv;

void statistics(int signo);
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len);
int pack(int pack_no);
void send_packet(void);
void recv_packet(void);
int unpack(char *buf,int len);
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in);

void statistics(int signo)
{       		
	//printf("\n--------------------PING statistics-------------------\n");
    //printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received , %%%d lost\n",nsend,nreceived,(nsend-nreceived)/nsend*100);

	shutdown(Netsockfd,2);	
	alarm(0); 
	if (nreceived == 0)
		ret = 0;
	else
		ret = 1;
	nsend=0;
	nreceived=0;
	close(Netsockfd);
	//printf("Ping_ret = %d\n",ret);
}

/*校验和算法*/
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len)
{       
	int nleft=len;
    	int sum=0;
    	unsigned short *w=addr;
    	unsigned short answer=0;
		
	/*把ICMP报头二进制数据以2字节为单位累加起来*/
    	while(nleft>1)
    	{
		sum+=*w++;
        	nleft-=2;
    	}
		
	/*若ICMP报头为奇数个字节，会剩下最后一字节。把最后一个字节视为一个2字节数据的高字节，这个2字节数据的低字节为0，继续累加*/
    	if( nleft==1)
    	{
		*(unsigned char *)(&answer)=*(unsigned char *)w;
        	sum+=answer;
    	}
    	sum=(sum>>16)+(sum&0xffff);
    	sum+=(sum>>16);
    	answer=~sum;
		
    	return answer;
}

/*设置ICMP报头*/
int pack(int pack_no)
{       
	int i,packsize;
       struct icmp *icmp;
       struct timeval *tval;
       icmp=(struct icmp*)sendpacket;
       icmp->icmp_type=ICMP_ECHO;
       icmp->icmp_code=0;
       icmp->icmp_cksum=0;
       icmp->icmp_seq=pack_no;
       icmp->icmp_id=Netpid;
       packsize=8+datalen;
       tval= (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
       gettimeofday(tval,NULL);    /*记录发送时间*/
       icmp->icmp_cksum=cal_chksum( (unsigned short *)icmp,packsize); /*校验算法*/
		
       return packsize;
}

/*发送三个ICMP报文*/
void send_packet()
{       
	int packetsize;

        while( nsend<MAX_NO_PACKETS)
        {      
        	nsend++;
              packetsize=pack(nsend); /*设置ICMP报头*/
              if( sendto(Netsockfd,sendpacket,packetsize,0,
                       (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr) )<0  )
              {       
              	perror("sendto error");
                     continue;
              }
		usleep(200000);
        }
}

/*接收所有ICMP报文*/
void recv_packet()
{       
	int n,fromlen;
       extern int errno;

       fromlen=sizeof(from);	
	alarm(MAX_WAIT_TIME);
	
       while( nreceived<nsend)
	{               	    	
       	if( (n=recvfrom(Netsockfd,recvpacket,sizeof(recvpacket),0,
                          (struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen)) <0)
              {    
                	if(errno==EINTR)
				continue;
                     perror("recvfrom error");
                     continue;
              }
		
              gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL);  /*记录接收时间*/
              if(unpack(recvpacket,n)==-1)
			continue;
		nreceived++;
        }
}

/*剥去ICMP报头*/
int unpack(char *buf,int len)
{       
	int i,iphdrlen;
    struct ip *ip;
    struct icmp *icmp;
    struct timeval *tvsend;
    double rtt;
    ip=(struct ip *)buf;
    iphdrlen=ip->ip_hl<<2;    			/*求ip报头长度,即ip报头的长度标志乘4*/
    icmp=(struct icmp *)(buf+iphdrlen); /*越过ip报头,指向ICMP报头*/
    len-=iphdrlen;            			/*ICMP报头及ICMP数据报的总长度*/
    if( len<8)                			/*小于ICMP报头长度则不合理*/
    {       
       	//printf("ICMP packets\'s length is less than 8\n");
    	return -1;
    }

	/*确保所接收的是我所发的的ICMP的回应*/
    if( (icmp->icmp_type==ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && (icmp->icmp_id==Netpid) )
    {       
    	tvsend=(struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
        tv_sub(&tvrecv,tvsend);  						/*接收和发送的时间差*/
        rtt=tvrecv.tv_sec*1000+tvrecv.tv_usec/1000;  	/*以毫秒为单位计算rtt*/

		/*显示相关信息*/
        /*  
        printf("%d byte from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%.3f ms\n",
                        len,
                        inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr),
                        icmp->icmp_seq,
                        ip->ip_ttl,
                        rtt);
        */          
		return 0;		
    }else    
		return -1;
}

int Ping(char *Ipaddr)
{       
	struct protoent *protocol;
    unsigned long inaddr=0l;
    int size=50*1024;
	char Netipaddr[20];

    if( (protocol=getprotobyname("icmp") )==NULL)
    {       
		perror("getprotobyname");
        exit(errno);
    }
    
	/*生成使用ICMP的原始套接字,这种套接字只有root才能生成*/
    if( (Netsockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,protocol->p_proto) )<0)
    {       
        perror("Ping Socket Error");
		exit(errno);
    }
	
    /* 回收root权限,设置当前用户权限,在非root中使用改函数需要设置*/
    //setuid(getuid());
    
    /*扩大套接字接收缓冲区到50K这样做主要为了减小接收缓冲区溢出的
          的可能性,若无意中ping一个广播地址或多播地址,将会引来大量应答*/
    
	setsockopt(Netsockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,&size,sizeof(size) );
    bzero(&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr));
    dest_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
	if(inet_aton(Ipaddr, (struct in_addr *) &dest_addr.sin_addr.s_addr) == 0)
	{
		perror("Inet_aton Error");
		exit(errno);
	}
	
    /*获取main的进程id,用于设置ICMP的标志符*/
    Netpid=getpid();

	//printf("Netpid = %d,Netsockfd = %d\n",Netpid,Netsockfd);	       	
	//printf("PING %s(%s): %d bytes data in ICMP packets.\n",Ipaddr,inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr),datalen);

	signal(SIGALRM,statistics);
    send_packet();  /*发送所有ICMP报文*/
    recv_packet();  /*接收所有ICMP报文*/	
	  
	if((nsend == 0) && (nreceived == 0))
		return ret;
	else
	{	
		statistics(SIGALRM);
       	return ret;
	}	
}

/*两个timeval结构相减*/
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in)
{       
	if( (out->tv_usec-=in->tv_usec)<0)
    {       
       	--out->tv_sec;
        out->tv_usec+=1000000;
    }
    out->tv_sec-=in->tv_sec;
}