自动捕获未知异常的主要思路是:
在Application注册一个实现了UncaughtExceptionHandler的对象,然后在该对象中调用方法Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler设置未知异常的处理器;
同时该对象自身需实现uncaughtException方法,在uncaughtException方法中记录异常信息,以及设备的环境信息,所有这些信息保存在本地的文件中。如果仅仅是调试使用,这样处理就差不多了;
如果用于正式上线的app,那还得择机把异常信息文件传回服务器。
网上一个很好的例子,收集错误日志,出错的机型环境等信息,把错误日志保存到本地文件
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.io.StringWriter;
- import java.io.Writer;
- import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import com.example.exmexception.except.util.PropertiesUtil;
- import com.example.exmexception.except.util.Utils;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
- import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
- import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
- import android.os.Build;
- import android.os.Looper;
- import android.os.Process;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class CrashHandler implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {
- public static final String TAG = "CrashHandler";
- //是否开启日志输出,在Debug状态下开启
- public static final boolean DEBUG = true;
- //系统默认的UncaughtException处理类
- private Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultHandler;
- //程序的Context对象
- private Context mContext;
- private static final String VERSION_NAME = "versionName";
- private static final String VERSION_CODE = "versionCode";
- private static final String STACK_TRACE = "STACK_TRACE";
- private PropertiesUtil mProp;
- //CrashHandler实例
- private static CrashHandler INSTANCE;
- //获取CrashHandler实例,单例模式
- public static CrashHandler getInstance() {
- if (INSTANCE == null) {
- INSTANCE = new CrashHandler();
- }
- return INSTANCE;
- }
- //获取系统默认的UncaughtException处理器,设置该CrashHandler为程序的默认处理器
- public void setCrashHandler(Context ctx) {
- Log.d(TAG, "CrashHandler setCrashHandler");
- mContext = ctx;
- mDefaultHandler = Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
- Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);
- mProp = PropertiesUtil.getInstance(ctx);
- }
- //当UncaughtException发生时会转入该函数来处理
- @Override
- public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {
- Log.d(TAG, "CrashHandler uncaughtException");
- if (DEBUG) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- if (!handleException(ex) && mDefaultHandler != null) {
- Log.d(TAG, "mDefaultHandler.uncaughtException");
- //如果用户没有处理则让系统默认的异常处理器来处理
- mDefaultHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);
- } else {
- Log.d(TAG, "sleep and killProcess");
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- }catch (InterruptedException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Error : ", e);
- }
- Process.killProcess(Process.myPid());
- System.exit(10);
- }
- }
- private String getMsg(Throwable ex) {
- //若是空指针异常,getLocalizedMessage返回的是null
- String msg = ex.getLocalizedMessage();
- if (msg == null) {
- // PrintStream err_msg = System.err.append(toString());
- // msg = err_msg.toString();
- StackTraceElement[] stackArray = ex.getStackTrace();
- StackTraceElement element = stackArray[0];
- msg = element.toString();
- }
- return msg;
- }
- //自定义错误处理、收集错误信息、发送错误报告等操作均在此完成
- private boolean handleException(Throwable ex) {
- if (ex == null) {
- Log.d(TAG, "handleException --- ex==null");
- return true;
- }
- final String msg = getMsg(ex);
- if(msg == null) {
- Log.d(TAG, "getMessage is null");
- return false;
- }
- new Thread() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Looper.prepare();
- Toast.makeText(mContext, "程序出错,即将退出:\n"+msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- Looper.loop();
- }
- }.start();
- String file_name = String.format("crash-%s.log", Utils.getNowDateTime());
- mProp.setFile(file_name).init();
- //收集设备信息
- collectCrashDeviceInfo(mContext);
- //保存错误报告文件
- saveCrashInfoToFile(ex);
- //保存错误信息
- mProp.commit();
- //发送错误报告到服务器,若后台需要获取错误报告则打开
- //sendCrashReportsToServer(mContext);
- return true;
- }
- //保存错误信息到文件中
- private void saveCrashInfoToFile(Throwable ex) {
- Log.d(TAG, "saveCrashInfoToFile");
- Writer info = new StringWriter();
- PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(info);
- ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);
- Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
- while (cause != null) {
- cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);
- cause = cause.getCause();
- }
- String result = info.toString();
- printWriter.close();
- mProp.writeString("EXEPTION", getMsg(ex));
- mProp.writeString(STACK_TRACE, result);
- }
- //收集程序崩溃的设备信息
- private void collectCrashDeviceInfo(Context ctx) {
- Log.d(TAG, "collectCrashDeviceInfo");
- try {
- PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();
- PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(ctx.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
- if (pi != null) {
- mProp.writeString(VERSION_NAME, (pi.versionName==null)?"not set":pi.versionName);
- mProp.writeInt(VERSION_CODE, pi.versionCode);
- }
- }catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Error while collect package info", e);
- }
- //使用反射来收集设备信息,例如:系统版本号、设备生产商等环境信息
- Field[] fields = Build.class.getDeclaredFields();
- for (Field field : fields) {
- try {
- field.setAccessible(true);
- mProp.writeString(field.getName(), ""+field.get(null));
- if (DEBUG) {
- Log.d(TAG, field.getName() + " : " + field.get(null));
- }
- }catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Error while collect crash info", e);
- }
- }
- }
- }
下面是Application类中的调用代码:
- import com.example.exmexception.except.CrashHandler;
- import android.app.Application;
- public class MainApplication extends Application {
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- super.onCreate();
- // 注册crashHandler
- CrashHandler crashHandler = CrashHandler.getInstance();
- crashHandler.setCrashHandler(getApplicationContext());
- }
- }