贝塞尔曲线:
项目要求让角色沿着几个点做平滑的移动,研究了下贝塞尔曲线,主要是求连续点的一个算法,知道公式的话,写成代码还是比较简单的,先从简单的入手,方便理解,我们先从俩个点入手,让对象从一个点到另一个点移动,先看代码
using System;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[Serializable]
public class Bezier
{
public Vector3 p0;
public Vector3 p1;
public Bezier(Vector3 v0, Vector3 v1)
{
this.p0 = v0;
this.p1 = v1;
}
public Vector3 GetPointAtTime(float t)
{
Vector3 tmpVector3=Vector3.zero;
tmpVector3 = (1 - t) * p0 + t * p1;
return tmpVector3;
}
}
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class MyBezier : MonoBehaviour
{
private Bezier myBezier;
public Transform startTransform;//起始位置
public Transform endTransform; //终点位置
private List<Vector3> pothList; //存放中间点
private int index = 0;
void Start()
{
pothList=new List<Vector3>();
myBezier = new Bezier(startTransform.position, endTransform.position);
//获取2个点中间的100个路径点
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
Vector3 tmpVector3 = myBezier.GetPointAtTime(0.01f*i);
pothList.Add(tmpVector3);
}
}
void FixedUpdate()
{
int leng = pothList.Count;
if (leng > 0 && index < leng)
{
transform.position = pothList[index];
index++;
}
}
}
这里就用到了贝塞尔曲线的公式
一阶贝塞尔曲线 B(t)=(1-t)P0 + t P1 (t的取值范围是0--1)
如果想让对象平滑的移动,可以将上面的代码用lerp实现
二阶贝塞尔曲线 B(t)=(1-t)2P0+2t(1-t)P1+t2P2,t∈[0,1]
三阶贝塞尔曲线 B(t)=(1-t)3P0+3t(1-t)2P1+3t2(1-t)P2+t3P3,t∈[0,1]
四阶贝塞尔曲线 B(t)=(1-t)4P0+4t(1-t)3P1+4t2(1-t)2P2+4t3(1-t)P3+t4P4,t∈[0,1]
依次类推
例如三阶的代码为了更方便理解,更加直观,可以写成下面的形式
using System;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[Serializable]
public class Bezier
{
public Vector3 p0;
public Vector3 p1;
public Vector3 p2;
public Vector3 p3;
public Bezier(Vector3 v0, Vector3 v1, Vector3 v2, Vector3 v3)
{
this.p0 = v0;
this.p1 = v1;
this.p2 = v2;
this.p3 = v3;
}
public Vector3 GetPointAtTime(float t)
{
Vector3 tmpVector3 = Vector3.zero;
tmpVector3 = (1 - t) * (1 - t) * (1 - t) * p0 + 3 * t * (1 - t) * (1 - t) * p1 + 3 * t * t * (1 - t) * p2 + t * t * t * p3;
return tmpVector3;
}
}
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class MyBezier : MonoBehaviour
{
private Bezier myBezier;
public Transform p0;//起始位置
public Transform p1;
public Transform p2;
public Transform p3; //终点位置
private List<Vector3> pothList; //存放中间点
private int index = 0;
void Start()
{
pothList=new List<Vector3>();
myBezier = new Bezier(p0.position,p1.position,p2.position,p3.position);
//获取2个点中间的100个路径点
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
Vector3 tmpVector3 = myBezier.GetPointAtTime(0.01f*i);
pothList.Add(tmpVector3);
}
}
void FixedUpdate()
{
int leng = pothList.Count;
if (leng > 0 && index < leng)
{
transform.position = pothList[index];
index++;
}
}
}
进过计算,Bezier脚本可以简化下算法,这样效率会更高,代码如下
using System;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[Serializable]
public class Bezier
{
public Vector3 p0;
public Vector3 p1;
public Vector3 p2;
public Vector3 p3;
private float ax;
private float ay;
private float az;
private float bx;
private float by;
private float bz;
private float cx;
private float cy;
private float cz;
public Bezier(Vector3 v0, Vector3 v1, Vector3 v2, Vector3 v3)
{
this.p0 = v0;
this.p1 = v1;
this.p2 = v2;
this.p3 = v3;
SetConstant();
}
public Vector3 GetPointAtTime(float t)
{
Vector3 tmpVector3 = Vector3.zero;
//tmpVector3 = (1 - t) * (1 - t) * (1 - t) * p0 + 3 * t * (1 - t) * (1 - t) * p1 + 3 * t * t * (1 - t) * p2 + t * t * t * p3;
float t2 = t * t;
float t3 = t * t * t;
float x = this.ax * t3 + this.bx * t2 + this.cx * t + p0.x;
float y = this.ay * t3 + this.by * t2 + this.cy * t + p0.y;
float z = this.az * t3 + this.bz * t2 + this.cz * t + p0.z;
return new Vector3(x, y, z);
}
void SetConstant()
{
this.ax = p3.x + 3 * p1.x - p0.x - 3 * p2.x;
this.ay = p3.y + 3 * p1.y - p0.y - 3 * p2.y;
this.az = p3.z + 3 * p1.z - p0.z - 3 * p2.z;
this.bx = 3 * (p0.x + p2.x - 2 * p1.x);
this.by = 3 * (p0.y + p2.y - 2 * p1.y);
this.bz = 3 * (p0.z + p2.z - 2 * p1.z);
this.cx = 3 * (p1.x - p0.x);
this.cy = 3 * (p1.y - p0.y);
this.cz = 3 * (p1.z - p0.z);
}
}
本周项目: 虚拟小鸟飞翔的项目
小鸟的轨迹大致按贝塞尔曲线飞翔,人为操作的时候不能让鸟偏离曲线太远,限制一个范围,开始做的时候用的纯数学计算,需求比较多,做的比较复杂。后来想到一个好的解决办法,把鸟放在空物体下,让空物体安装曲线飞,然后我们控制鸟和父级的距离来限制它的范围。
需要注意的是,两点之间的距离可能不相同,为了让鸟按我们想要的速度飞,需要将飞行的速度做个处理
timer += Time.fixedDeltaTime;
Vector3 currentTarget = resultList[index];
float distance = Vector3.Distance(currentTarget, currentPos);
distance = 1/distance; //用来处理不同的距离飞行速度一样快的一个系数
transform.position = Vector3.Slerp(currentPos, resultList[index], currentSpeed * timer * distance);
if (Vector3.Distance(transform.position, resultList[index]) < 0.1f)
{
index++;
timer = 0;
currentPos = transform.position; //currentPos记录位置用
}