python3读中文文档报错：UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa6 in ...

data.txt是中文文档，代码是这个：

with open('data.txt', 'rt') as f:
    corpus_chars = f.read()
print(corpus_chars[0:49])

报错如下：

UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa6 in position 4: illegal multibyte sequence

解决办法：with open(fname, encoding='utf-8') as data_file，即以encoding='utf-8'方式读文件。
所以原代码改为：

with open('data.txt', 'rt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    corpus_chars = f.read()
print(corpus_chars[0:49])