CIL之——field的存储与加载

field指的是类内部的成员变量，供类内部的方法调用，那在CIL代码中field是如何实现存储与加载的呢？下面让我们一窥究竟。

目标C#代码

先看一段简单的C#代码：

public class Program
{
    // Fields
    private string _timeArea;

    // Methods
    public string get_TimeArea()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        return this._timeArea;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
    }

    public void set_TimeArea(string value)
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        this._timeArea = value;
    }
}

CIL实现field存储

例一：

.class public Program extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
    .field private string _timeArea
    .method public static void Main()
    {
        .entrypoint
        .maxstack 1
        ldstr "Hello"
        call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
        call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
        ret
    }
    .method public void set_TimeArea(string 'value')//(string val)不用加单引号
    {
        .maxstack 1
        ldarg.0 //本操作码对应this._timeArea=value中的this
        ldarg.1 //本操作码对应this._timeArea=value中的value
        stfld string GuoNameSpace.Program::_timeArea //本操作码对应this._timeArea=value中的._timeArea
        ret
    }
}

例一解释：

public class Program
{
    // Fields
    private string _timeArea;

    public static void Main()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
    }

    public void set_TimeArea(string value)
    {
        this._timeArea = value;
    }
}

例二：

.class public Program extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
    .field private string _timeArea
    .method public static void Main()
    {
        .entrypoint
        .maxstack 1
        ldstr "Hello"
        call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
        call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
        ret
    }
    .method public void set_TimeArea(string 'value')//(string val)不用加单引号
    {
        .maxstack 1
        ldarg.0 //本操作码与value._timeArea = "aaa"无关
        ldarg.1 //本操作码对应value._timeArea = "aaa"中的value
        ldstr "aaa" //本操作码对应value._timeArea = "aaa"中的"aaa"
        stfld string GuoNameSpace.Program::_timeArea //本操作码对应value._timeArea = "aaa"中的._timeArea
        ret
    }
}

例二解释：

public class Program
{
    // Fields
    private string _timeArea;

    public static void Main()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
    }

    public void set_TimeArea(string value)
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        value._timeArea = "aaa";
    }
}

例三：

.class public Program extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
    .field private string _timeArea
    .method public static void Main()
    {
        .entrypoint
        .maxstack 1
        ldstr "Hello"
        call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
        call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
        ret
    }
    .method public void set_TimeArea(string 'value')//(string val)不用加单引号
    {
        .maxstack 1
        ldarg.0 //本操作码与"aaa"._timeArea = "bbb"无关
        ldarg.1 //本操作码与"aaa"._timeArea = "bbb"无关
        ldstr "aaa" //本操作码对应"aaa"._timeArea = "bbb"中的"aaa"
        ldstr "bbb" //本操作码对应"aaa"._timeArea = "bbb"中的"bbb"
        stfld string GuoNameSpace.Program::_timeArea //本操作码对应"aaa"._timeArea = "bbb"中的._timeArea
        ret
    }
}

例三解释：

public class Program
{
    // Fields
    private string _timeArea;

    public static void Main()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
    }

    public void set_TimeArea(string value)
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        "aaa"._timeArea = "bbb";
    }
}

经过三个例子的对比发现，存储field时，stfld操作与堆栈顶部的两个值是密切相关的，执行stfld操作时堆栈最顶部的值就是field的值，位于堆栈次顶部的值表示field的所属对象。

CIL实现field加载

例一：

.class public Program extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
    .field private string _timeArea
    .method public static void Main()
    {
        .entrypoint
        .maxstack 1
        ldstr "Hello"
        call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
        call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
        ret
    }
    .method public string get_TimeArea()
    {
        .maxstack 1
        .locals init(
            string timeArea
        )
        ldarg.0 //本操作码对应this._timeArea中的this
        ldfld string GuoNameSpace.Program::_timeArea //本操作码对应this._timeArea中的._timeArea
        stloc.0
        ldloc.0
        ret
    }
}

例一解释：

public class Program
{
    // Fields
    private string _timeArea;

    // Methods
    public string get_TimeArea()
    {
        return this._timeArea;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
    }
}

例二：

.class public Program extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
    .field private string _timeArea
    .method public static void Main()
    {
        .entrypoint
        .maxstack 1
        ldstr "Hello"
        call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
        call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
        ret
    }
    .method public string get_TimeArea()
    {
        .maxstack 1
        .locals init(
            string timeArea
        )
        ldarg.0 //本操作码与"aaa"._timeArea无关
        ldstr "aaa" //本操作码对应"aaa"._timeArea中的"aaa"
        ldfld string GuoNameSpace.Program::_timeArea //本操作码对应"aaa"._timeArea中的._timeArea
        stloc.0
        ldloc.0
        ret
    }
}

例二解释：

public class Program
{
    // Fields
    private string _timeArea;

    // Methods
    public string get_TimeArea()
    {
        return "aaa"._timeArea;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
    }
}

例三：

.class public Program extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
    .field private string _timeArea
    .method public static void Main()
    {
        .entrypoint
        .maxstack 1
        ldstr "Hello"
        call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
        call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
        ret
    }
    .method public string get_TimeArea()
    {
        .maxstack 1
        .locals init(
            string timeArea
        )
        ldarg.0 //本操作码与"bbb"._timeArea无关
        ldstr "aaa" //本操作码与"bbb"._timeArea无关
        ldstr "bbb" //本操作码对应"bbb"._timeArea中的"aaa"
        ldfld string GuoNameSpace.Program::_timeArea //本操作码对应"bbb"._timeArea中的._timeArea
        stloc.0
        ldloc.0
        ret
    }
}

例三解释：

public class Program
{
    // Fields
    private string _timeArea;

    // Methods
    public string get_TimeArea()
    {
        return "bbb"._timeArea;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // This item is obfuscated and can not be translated.
        Console.WriteLine("Hello");
    }
}

经过三个例子的对比发现，加载field时，ldfld操作与堆栈最顶部的值是密切相关的，执行ldfld操作时堆栈最顶部的值表示field的所属对象。

翻旧账

不知道大家还记不记得静态方法中只能使用静态字段，为什么不能使用非静态字段呢？是时候解释一下了。
静态方法中ldarg.0表示方法的第一个参数，所以没办法使用ldarg.0来调用this.field；
非静态方法中ldarg.0表示this，所以可以使用ldarg.0来调用this.field。
就这么简单，不知道各位看明白了吗？欢迎各位留言提出宝贵意见。