Thinking in Java 第四版本--第3章练习题答案--for,break,switch,case,default

(1)写一个程序，打印出1到100间的整数

/****************** Exercise ******************
 * Write a program that prints values from one to
 * 100.
 ***********************************************/

public class To100{
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        for(int i=0; i<=100; i++){
            System.out.println(i);    
        }
    }
}

(2) 修改练习(1)，在值为47时用一个break退出程序。亦可换成return试试。 

/****************** Exercise ******************
 * Modify Exercise (1)so that the program exits by
 * using the break keyword at value 47. Try using
 * return instead.
 ***********************************************/

public class Break47{
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        for(int i=0; i<=100; i++){
           System.out.println(i); 
           if(i == 47){
            break;
           }
           //if(i == 47)break;
           //if(i == 47)return;
        }
    }
}

(3) 创建一个switch语句，为每一种case都显示一条消息。并将switch置入一个for循环里，令其尝试每
一种case。在每个case后面都放置一个break，并对其进行测试。然后，删除break，看看会有什么情况出
现。

/****************** Exercise*****************
 * Create a switch statement that prints a
 * message for each case, and put the switch
 * inside a for loop that tries each case. Put a
 * break after each case and test it, then remove
 * the breaks and see what happens.
 ***********************************************/

public class SwitchDemo{
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
            switch(i){
                case 1:System.out.println("case 1");
                       break;
                case 2:System.out.println("case 2");
                       break;
                case 3:System.out.println("case 3");
                       break;
                default: System.out.println("default");                       
            }
        }
    }
}

public class SwitchDemo2 {
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        for (int i=0; i<5; i++){
            switch (i){
                case 1:System.out.println("case1");
                case 2:System.out.println("case2");
                case 3:System.out.println("case3");
                default:
                    System.out.println("default");

            }
        }
    }
}

输出结果：

===================================================================

《Using Scanner for Input from Console》

http://www.particle.kth.se/~lindsey/JavaCourse/Book/Part1/Java/Chapter09/scannerConsole.html

For example, the following code snippet shows how to read an integer from the keyboard（从键盘读取一个整数）

Scanner scanner = new Scanner (System.in); 
int i = scanner.nextInt ()

代码例子：

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

/** Demonstrate the Scanner class for input of numbers.**/
public class ScanConsoleApp
{
  public static void main (String arg[]) {

    // Create a scanner to read from keyboard
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner (System.in);

    try {
      System.out.printf ("Input int (e.g. %4d): ",3501);
      int int_val = scanner.nextInt ();
      System.out.println (" You entered " + int_val +"\n");

      System.out.printf ("Input float (e.g. %5.2f): ", 2.43);
      float float_val = scanner.nextFloat ();
      System.out.println (" You entered " + float_val +"\n");

      System.out.printf ("Input double (e.g. %6.3e): ",4.943e15);
      double double_val = scanner.nextDouble ();
      System.out.println (" You entered " + double_val +"\n");

    }
    catch  (InputMismatchException e) {
      System.out.println ("Mismatch exception:" + e );
    }
  } // main

} // class ScanConsoleApp

运行结果：

=====================================================================

再来一个例子，强化一下：

//1). 导入 Scanner 类
import java.util.Scanner;

public class TestScanner{

	public static void main(String [] args){
		
		//1. 在控制台输入整数
		
		//2). 创建 Scanner 对象
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		
		//3. 调用 Scanner 对象的 nextInt() 方法读入输入的整数
		System.out.print("a=");
		int a = scanner.nextInt();
		
		System.out.println("您已经输入的整数 a: " + a);
		
	}	
	
}

练习题：

求1到100之间所有偶数的和。用for和while语句分别完成。

public class TestFor{
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        /* for loop 1-100  even number sum */
        int total = 0;
        for (int i=1; i<=100; i++) {
            if (i%2 == 0){
                System.out.println(i);
                total = total + i;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(total);
    }
} 

public class TestWhile {
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        /* while loop 1-100 even number sum */  
        int flag = 1;
        int total = 0;
        while (flag<=100) {
            if (flag%2==0){ 
                total = total + flag;//total+=flag;
            }
            flag+=flag;
        }
        System.out.println(total);
    }
}

注意：flag+=flag要写到 if 判断的外面。

import java.util.Scanner;
/*
 从键盘读入个数不确定的整数，并判断读入的正数和负数的个数，输入为0时结束输入。
 */
public class ScannerTest {
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        int positive_nums = 0;
        int negitive_nums = 0;

        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        while (true){
	    System.out.println("please input a int number a= ");
            int a = sc.nextInt();
            
            if (a>0){
                positive_nums += 1;        
            }
            else if (a<0){
                    negitive_nums += 1;
            }else{
                    break;
                }
            }
        System.out.println("the sum of positive numbers is " + positive_nums);
        System.out.println("the sum of negitive numbers is " + negitive_nums);
    }
}