转自 : http://blog.csdn.net/lickylin/article/details/8010618
链表,就是用一组任意的存储单元存储线性表元素的一种数据结构。链表又分为单链表、双向链表和循环链表等。
下面代码是链表的两种实现方式,其中方式一就是按照数据结构书中对链表的实现过程,而方式二是根据linux内核中关于链表的实现。两者的最大区别是方式一中数据是存储在链表结构中的,而方式二中,是在数据结构中包含链表结构的。个人更倾向于第二种实现方法。
链表在内核中的使用例子,在驱动层我们可以建立一个链表实现数据的收发:比如当出现硬件中断时,我们将接收到的数据存储在链表中,并唤醒一个等待队列;而应用层通过阻塞的方式调用ioctl,当链表为空时,则进行睡眠操作,当出现一个唤醒操作时则读取链表中存在的消息,并返回给应用层,让应用层再进行相应的处理。这是链表在驱动层中的一个应用例子。
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<stdlib.h>
- #include<string.h>
- #include<stdint.h>
- #include<signal.h>
- #include<pthread.h>
- #include<semaphore.h>
- #include<unistd.h>
- typedef int pri_spin_t;
- pri_spin_t spin_flag = 1;
- #define MAX_READ_ENTRY 10
- typedef struct _listp
- {
- struct _listp *next;
- struct _listp *prev;
- int data;
- }LISTP;
- void pri_spin_lock(pri_spin_t *flag)
- {
- while(1)
- {
- if(*flag)
- {
- *flag = 0;
- return;
- }
- }
- }
- void pri_spin_unlock(pri_spin_t *flag)
- {
- *flag = 1;
- }
- void init_list_head(LISTP *listp)
- {
- listp->next = listp;
- listp->prev = listp;
- }
- void list_add(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
- {
- list_head->next->prev = listp;
- listp->next = list_head->next;
- listp->prev = list_head;
- list_head->next = listp;
- }
- void list_add_tail(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
- {
- list_head->prev->next = listp;
- listp->prev = list_head->prev;
- listp->next=list_head;
- list_head->prev = listp;
- }
- int list_is_empty(LISTP *list_head)
- {
- return (list_head->next == list_head);
- }
- void list_del(LISTP *listp)
- {
- LISTP *prev;
- LISTP *next;
- prev = listp->prev;
- next = listp->next;
- prev->next = next;
- next->prev = prev;
- listp->next = listp;
- listp->prev = listp;
- }
- void free_list(LISTP *list_head)
- {
- LISTP *pos = NULL;
- pos = list_head->next;
- while(pos != list_head)
- {
- list_del(pos);
- free(pos);
- pos = list_head->next;
- printf("free\n");
- }
- if((list_head->next == list_head->prev)&&(list_head->next == list_head))
- {
- printf("list empty\n");
- }
- list_head->next = NULL;
- list_head->prev = NULL;
- free(list_head);
- }
- int add_data(int data, LISTP *list_head)
- {
- LISTP *listp = NULL;
- listp = (LISTP *)malloc(sizeof(LISTP));
- if(listp == NULL)
- {
- printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
- return -1;
- }
- listp->data = data;
- list_add(list_head, listp);
- }
- int add_data_tail(int data, LISTP *list_head)
- {
- LISTP *listp = NULL;
- listp = (LISTP *)malloc(sizeof(LISTP));
- if(listp == NULL)
- {
- printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
- return -1;
- }
- listp->data = data;
- list_add_tail(list_head, listp);
- }
- void print_data(LISTP *list_head)
- {
- int data;
- LISTP *pos;
- if(list_is_empty(list_head))
- {
- printf("list head is empty\n");
- return;
- }
- for(pos = list_head->next; pos != list_head;pos = pos->next)
- {
- if(pos)
- {
- if(pos->next == list_head)
- printf("%d\n", pos->data);
- else
- printf("%d\t", pos->data);
- }
- }
- }
- void read_data(LISTP *list_head, int num)
- {
- int data;
- LISTP *entry;
- if(list_is_empty(list_head))
- {
- printf("list head is empty\n");
- return;
- }
- if(num > MAX_READ_ENTRY)
- {
- num = MAX_READ_ENTRY;
- }
- printf("READ MESSAGE IS:\n");
- for(entry = list_head->next; (entry != list_head)&&(num > 0); entry = list_head->next)
- {
- printf("%d\t", entry->data);
- list_del(entry);
- entry->next = NULL;
- entry->prev = NULL;
- free(entry);
- num--;
- printf("\n");
- }
- void *send_message_pth1(void *arg)
- {
- int i = 0;
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
- add_data_tail(i, (LISTP *)arg);
- printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 1-----\n");
- pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
- i++;
- sleep(2);
- }
- }
- void *send_message_pth2(void *arg)
- {
- int i = 0;
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
- add_data_tail(i, (LISTP *)arg);
- printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 2-----\n");
- pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
- i++;
- sleep(2);
- }
- }
- void *print_message_pth(void *arg)
- {
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
- printf("-----IN PRINT_MESSAGE_PTHREAD-----\n");
- print_data((LISTP *)arg);
- pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
- sleep(2);
- }
- }
- void *read_message_pth(void *arg)
- {
- int num = 5;
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
- printf("-----IN READ_MESSAGE_PTH-----\n");
- read_data((LISTP *)arg, num);
- pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
- sleep(6);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- int i = 0;
- LISTP *list_head = NULL;
- pthread_t pth1;
- pthread_t pth2;
- pthread_t pth3;
- pthread_t pth4;
- list_head = (LISTP *)malloc(sizeof(LISTP));
- if(list_head == NULL)
- {
- printf("Can not get memory\n");
- return -1;
- }
- init_list_head(list_head);
- /*store data into list_head*/
- for(i = 0; i < 10; i ++)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&spin_flag);
- add_data_tail(i, list_head);
- pri_spin_unlock(&spin_flag);
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth1, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth1, list_head))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth2, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth2, list_head))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth3, NULL, (void *)print_message_pth, list_head))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth4, NULL, (void *)read_message_pth, list_head))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- while(1);
- return 0;
- }
方式二:
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<stdlib.h>
- #include<string.h>
- #include<stdint.h>
- #include<signal.h>
- #include<pthread.h>
- #include<semaphore.h>
- #include<unistd.h>
- typedef int pri_spin_t;
- #define MAX_READ_ENTRY 10
- #define GET_ADDR_BY_OFFSET(ptr, type, member) ((type *)((char *)ptr - (uint32_t)(&(((type *)0)->member))))
- typedef struct _listp
- {
- struct _listp *next;
- struct _listp *prev;
- }LISTP;
- typedef struct _list_msg
- {
- int data;
- LISTP list;
- }LIST_MSG;
- typedef struct _module_struct
- {
- LISTP list_head;
- pri_spin_t spin_flag;
- }MODULE_STRUCT;
- void pri_spin_lock(pri_spin_t *flag)
- {
- while(1)
- {
- if(*flag)
- {
- *flag = 0;
- return;
- }
- }
- }
- void pri_spin_unlock(pri_spin_t *flag)
- {
- *flag = 1;
- }
- void init_list_head(LISTP *listp)
- {
- listp->next = listp;
- listp->prev = listp;
- }
- void list_add(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
- {
- list_head->next->prev = listp;
- listp->next = list_head->next;
- listp->prev = list_head;
- list_head->next = listp;
- }
- void list_add_tail(LISTP *list_head, LISTP *listp)
- {
- list_head->prev->next = listp;
- listp->prev = list_head->prev;
- listp->next=list_head;
- list_head->prev = listp;
- }
- int list_is_empty(LISTP *list_head)
- {
- return (list_head->next == list_head);
- }
- void list_del(LISTP *listp)
- {
- LISTP *prev;
- LISTP *next;
- prev = listp->prev;
- next = listp->next;
- prev->next = next;
- next->prev = prev;
- listp->next = listp;
- listp->prev = listp;
- }
- void free_list(LISTP *list_head)
- {
- LISTP *pos = NULL;
- pos = list_head->next;
- while(pos != list_head)
- {
- list_del(pos);
- free(pos);
- pos = list_head->next;
- printf("free\n");
- }
- if((list_head->next == list_head->prev)&&(list_head->next == list_head))
- {
- printf("list empty\n");
- }
- list_head->next = NULL;
- list_head->prev = NULL;
- free(list_head);
- }
- int add_data(int data, LISTP *list_head)
- {
- LIST_MSG *list_message = NULL;
- list_message = (LIST_MSG *)malloc(sizeof(LIST_MSG));
- if(list_message == NULL)
- {
- printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
- return -1;
- }
- init_list_head(&(list_message->list));
- list_message->data = data;
- list_add(list_head, &(list_message->list));
- return 0;
- }
- int add_data_tail(int data, LISTP *list_head)
- {
- LIST_MSG *list_message = NULL;
- list_message = (LIST_MSG *)malloc(sizeof(LIST_MSG));
- if(list_message == NULL)
- {
- printf("%s:Can not get memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
- return -1;
- }
- init_list_head(&(list_message->list));
- list_message->data = data;
- list_add_tail(list_head, &(list_message->list));
- return 0;
- }
- void print_data(LISTP *list_head)
- {
- int data;
- LISTP *pos;
- LIST_MSG *message;
- if(list_is_empty(list_head))
- {
- printf("list head is empty\n");
- return;
- }
- for(pos = list_head->next; pos != list_head;pos = pos->next)
- {
- if(pos)
- {
- message = GET_ADDR_BY_OFFSET(pos, LIST_MSG, list);
- if(message)
- {
- printf("%d\t", message->data);
- }
- }
- }
- printf("\n");
- }
- void read_data(LISTP *list_head, int num)
- {
- int data;
- LISTP *entry;
- LIST_MSG *message;
- if(list_is_empty(list_head))
- {
- printf("list head is empty\n");
- return;
- }
- if(num > MAX_READ_ENTRY)
- {
- num = MAX_READ_ENTRY;
- }
- printf("READ MESSAGE IS:\n");
- for(entry = list_head->next; (entry != list_head)&&(num > 0); entry = list_head->next)
- {
- message = GET_ADDR_BY_OFFSET(entry, LIST_MSG, list);
- if(message)
- {
- printf("%d\t", message->data);
- list_del(&(message->list));
- free(message);
- num--;
- }
- }
- printf("\n");
- }
- void *send_message_pth1(void *arg)
- {
- int i = 0;
- MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
- main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- add_data_tail(i, &(main_data->list_head));
- printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 1-----\n");
- pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- i++;
- sleep(2);
- }
- }
- void *send_message_pth2(void *arg)
- {
- int i = 0;
- MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
- main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- add_data_tail(i, &(main_data->list_head));
- printf("-----IN SEND_MESSAGE_PTHREAD 2-----\n");
- pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- i++;
- sleep(2);
- }
- }
- void *print_message_pth(void *arg)
- {
- MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
- main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- printf("-----IN PRINT_MESSAGE_PTHREAD-----\n");
- print_data(&(main_data->list_head));
- pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- sleep(2);
- }
- }
- void *read_message_pth(void *arg)
- {
- int num = 5;
- MODULE_STRUCT *main_data;
- main_data = (MODULE_STRUCT *)arg;
- while(1)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- printf("-----IN READ_MESSAGE_PTH-----\n");
- read_data(&(main_data->list_head), num);
- pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data->spin_flag));
- sleep(3);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- int i = 0;
- MODULE_STRUCT main_data;
- pthread_t pth1;
- pthread_t pth2;
- pthread_t pth3;
- pthread_t pth4;
- main_data.spin_flag = 1;
- init_list_head(&(main_data.list_head));
- for(i = 0; i < 10; i ++)
- {
- pri_spin_lock(&(main_data.spin_flag));
- add_data_tail(i, &(main_data.list_head));
- pri_spin_unlock(&(main_data.spin_flag));
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth1, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth1, (void *)&main_data))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth2, NULL, (void *)send_message_pth2, (void *)&main_data))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth3, NULL, (void *)print_message_pth, (void *)&main_data))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if(pthread_create(&pth4, NULL, (void *)read_message_pth, (void *)&main_data))
- {
- printf("create pthread failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- while(1);
- return 0;
- }