Python-字典

在Python中，字典用放在花括号{}中的是一系列键-值对表示。每个键都与一个值相关联，可以使用键来方炜相关联的值。与键相关联的值可以是数字、字符串、列表乃至字典。

alien_0 = {'color': 'green','point': 5}
print(alien_0['color'])
print(alien_0['point'])
#green
#5

添加键-值对

alien_0 = {'color': 'green','point': 5}
alien_0['x_position'] = 0
alien_0['y_position'] = 25
print(alien_0)
#{'color': 'green', 'point': 5, 'x_position': 0, 'y_position': 25}

创建空字典

alien_0 = {}
alien_0['color'] = 'green'
alien_0['points'] = 5
print(alien_0)
#{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}

修改字典中的值

alien_0 = {'color':'green'}
print("The alien is " + alien_0['color'] + ".")

alien_0['color'] = 'yellow'
print(alien_0)
#The alien is green.
#{'color': 'yellow'}

删除键-值对 del

alien_0 = {'color': 'green','points': 5}
print(alien_0)
del alien_0['color']
print(alien_0)
#{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}
#{'points': 5}

由类似对象组成的字典

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': 'python',
    'sarah': 'c',
    'edward': 'ruby',
    'phil': 'python'
}
print("Sarah's favorite language is " + favorite_languages['sarah'].title() + '.')
#Sarah's favorite language is C.

遍历所有的键-值对，使用方法item()

user_0 = {
    'username': 'efermi',
    'first': 'enrico',
    'last': 'fermi',
}
for key,value in user_0.items():
    print("\nKey: " + key)
    print("Value: " + value)
#Key: username
#Value: efermi

#Key: first
#Value: enrico

#Key: last
#Value: fermi

遍历字典中的所有键，使用方法keys()

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': 'python',
    'sarah': 'c',
    'edward': 'ruby',
    'phil': 'python',
}
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
    print(name.title())
#Jen
#Sarah
#Edward
#Phil

按顺序遍历字典中的所有键

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': 'python',
    'sarah': 'c',
    'edward': 'ruby',
    'phil': 'python',
}
for name in sorted(favorite_languages.keys()):
    print(name.title() + ", thank you for taking the poll.")
#Edward, thank you for taking the poll.
#Jen, thank you for taking the poll.
#Phil, thank you for taking the poll.
#Sarah, thank you for taking the poll.

遍历字典中的所有值

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': 'python',
    'sarah': 'c',
    'edward': 'ruby',
    'phil': 'python',
}
print("The following languages have been mentioned: ")
for language in favorite_languages.values():
    print(language.title())
#Python
#C
#Ruby
#Python

字典列表

alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}
alien_1 = {'color':'yellow','points':10}
alien_2 = {'color':'red','points':15}
aliens = [alien_0,alien_1,alien_2]
for alien in aliens:
    print(alien)
#{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}
#{'color': 'yellow', 'points': 10}
#{'color': 'red', 'points': 15}



aliens = []
for alien_number in range(30):
    new_alien = {'color':'green','points':5,'speed':'slow'}
    aliens.append(new_alien)

for alien in aliens[:5]:
    print(alien)
print("...")

print("Total number of aliens: " + str(len(aliens)))

在字典中存储列表

pizza = {
    'crust':'thick',
    'toppings':['mushrooms','extra cheese'],
}
print("You ordered a " + pizza['crust'] + "-crust pizza " + "with the following toppings: ")
for topping in pizza['toppings']:
    print("\t" + topping)
#You ordered a thick-crust pizza with the following toppings: 
#	mushrooms
#	extra cheese

在字典中存储字典

users = {
    'aeinstein':{
    'first': 'albert',
    'last': 'einstein',
    'location': 'princeton',} ,
    'mcurie':{
        'first':'marie',
        'last':'curie',
        'location':'paris',
    }
}
for username, user_info in users.items():
    print("\nUsername: " + username)
    full_name = user_info['first'] + " " + user_info['last']
    location = user_info['location']

    print("\tFull name: " + full_name.title())
    print("\tLocation: " + location.title())
#Username: aeinstein
#	Full name: Albert Einstein
#	Location: Princeton
#
#Username: mcurie
#	Full name: Marie Curie
#	Location: Paris