【OpenMP】入门

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-24 10:12:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-24 10:12:19 发布

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： openMP 入门

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoxu2050/article/details/85234221

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本文介绍OpenMP编程中计时、线程数量设置及环境变量调整的方法。通过实例演示如何使用omp_get_wtime()和omp_get_wtick()进行精确计时，如何通过omp_set_num_threads()设置线程数以充分利用多核处理器，以及如何解决多线程性能问题。同时探讨了多线程在不同CPU核心上的运行机制及缓存一致性问题。

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1、计时

获取当前挂钟时间api ： omp_get_wtime()

获取单个时钟周期的时长(s): omp_get_wtick()

#include "omp.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    #获得当前挂钟时间
    double start = omp_get_wtime( );
    sleep(1);
    double end = omp_get_wtime( );
    printf("start = %.16g\nend = %.16g\ndiff = %.16g\n", start, end, end - start);

    //获得一个时钟周期是多少秒
    double wtick = omp_get_wtick( );
    printf("wtick = %.16g\n1/wtick = %.16g\n", wtick, 1.0 / wtick);
}

输出：

start = 72488773.2970518
end = 72488774.29709764
diff = 1.000045835971832
wtick = 1e-09
1/wtick = 999999999.9999999

可以看出单个时钟周期是10^-9秒，即一秒包括10亿个时钟周期。

2、设置使用线程数量

#include <stdio.h>
#include <omp.h>

/*
 *  omp_set_num_threads()   设置使用线程数
 *  omp_get_num_threads()   获取使用多线程数量，如果在串行部分调用返回1，如果在并行部分调用，返回使用线程数
 *  omp_get_max_threads()   获取可以并行使用最多线程数
 *  omp_get_thread_num()    获取当前线程的ID
 *
 */
int main() {
    const int maxNumThreads = omp_get_max_threads();
    printf("Maximum number of threads for this machine: %i\n", maxNumThreads);

    printf("Not yet started a parallel Section: the number of threads is %i\n", omp_get_num_threads());

    printf("Setting the maximum number of threads...\n");
    omp_set_num_threads(maxNumThreads);

    printf("Once again, not yet started a parallel Section: the number of threads is still %i\n", omp_get_num_threads());

    printf("Starting a parallel Section...\n");

#pragma omp parallel for 
    for (int i = 0; i < maxNumThreads; i++) {
        int tid = omp_get_thread_num();
        printf("This is thread %i announcing that the number of launched threads is %i\n", tid, omp_get_num_threads());
    }

}

输出：

root@snisspreweb02 openmap]# ./003_num_thread 
Maximum number of threads for this machine: 16
Not yet started a parallel Section: the number of threads is 1
Setting the maximum number of threads...
Once again, not yet started a parallel Section: the number of threads is still 1
Starting a parallel Section...
This is thread 15 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 2 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 4 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 3 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 10 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 6 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 11 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 0 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 7 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 9 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 14 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 5 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 13 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 8 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 12 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16
This is thread 1 announcing that the number of launched threads is 16