mysql自学笔记八（Navicat Premium 15）

#视图
/*
含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样的使用
mysql5.1版本出现的新特性，是通过动态生成的数据



		  创建语法的关键字    是否实际物理空间            使用

视图   create view        只是保存了sql逻辑   增删改查，只是一般不能增删改

表		 create table          保存了数据				      增删改查



*/

#一、创建视图
/*

语法：
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;

*/

#1、查询邮箱中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1 AS SELECT
last_name,
department_name,
job_title 
FROM
	employees e
	JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
	JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id = e.job_id;
#②使用
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	myv1 
WHERE
	last_name LIKE '%a%';
	
#2、查询各部门的平均工资级别
#①、创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2 AS SELECT
avg( salary ) ag,
department_id 
FROM
	employees 
GROUP BY
	department_id;
#②、使用
SELECT
	myv2.ag,
	g.grade_level 
FROM
	myv2
	JOIN job_grades g ON myv2.ag BETWEEN g.lowest_sal 
	AND g.highest_sal;
	
#3、查询平均工资最低的部门的信息
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	myv2 
ORDER BY
	ag 
	LIMIT 1;
	
#4、查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资
#创建视图
CREATE VIEW myv3 AS SELECT
* 
FROM
	myv2 
ORDER BY
	ag 
	LIMIT 1;
	
SELECT
	d.*,
	m.ag 
FROM
	myv3 m
	JOIN departments d ON m.department_id = d.department_id;
	
	
#二、视图的修改
/*
方式一：
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;


方式二：
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句;
*/


#三、删除视图
/*
语法：drop view 视图名，视图名，....

*/


#四、查看视图
/*
语法：
desc 视图名
show create view 视图名;

*/

#1、创建视图emp_v1,要求查询电话号码以'011'开头的员工姓名和工资、邮箱

CREATE 
	OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v1 AS SELECT
	last_name,
	salary,
	email 
FROM
	employees 
WHERE
	phone_number LIKE '011%';

#2、创建视图emp_v2,要求查询的部门的最高工资高于12000的部门信息

CREATE 
	OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v2 AS SELECT
	max( salary ) mx_dep,
	department_id 
FROM
	employees 
GROUP BY
	department_id 
HAVING
	max( salary ) > 12000;

SELECT
	d.*,
	m.mx_dep 
FROM
	departments d
	JOIN emp_v2 m ON m.department_id = d.department_id;

#五、视图的更新
CREATE 
	OR REPLACE VIEW myv4 AS SELECT
	last_name,
	email
FROM
	employees;
	
	select * from myv4;
	select * from employees;
	#1、插入
	
	insert into myv4 values('张飞','zf@qq.com');
	
	#2、修改
	update myv4 set last_name='张无忌' where last_name='张飞';
	
	#3、删除
	delete from myv4 where last_name='张无忌';
	
	#具备以下特点的视图不允许更新
	举例说明：		#1、包含以下关键字的sql语句语句：分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all 
			create or replace view myv5
			as
			select max(salary) m,department_id
			from employees
			group by department_id;
			
			select * from myv5;
			#更新
			update myv5 set m=9000 where department_id=10;
			
			
			2、常量视图
			create or replace view myv6
			as
			select 'john' NAME;
			
			select * from myv6;
			#更新
			update myv6 set NAME='lucy';
			
			3、select 中包含子查询
			create or replace view myv7
			as
			select (select max(salary) from employees) 最高工资;
			
			select * from myv7;
			#更新
			update myv7 set 最高工资=100000;
			
			4、join
			create or replace view myv8
			as
			select last_name,department_name from employees e join departments d on e.department_id=d.department_id;
			
			select * from myv8;
			#更新
			update myv8 set last_name='张飞' where last_name='Whalen';
			insert into myv8 VALUES('霍元甲','xxxx');
			
			5、from 一个不能更新的视图
			create or replace view myv9
			as
			select * from myv7;
			
			select * from myv9;
			#更新
			update myv9 set 最高工资=100000 where department_id=60;
			
			6、where 子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
			create or replace view myv10
			as
			select last_name,email,salary from employees where employee_id in(select manager_id from employees where manager_id is not null);
			
			select * from myv10;
			#更新
			update myv10 set salary=100000 where last_name='K_ing';