1、HA的实际含义
给NameNode启用一个热备(备份),Hadoop2.x只支持两个NameNode,Hadoop3.x可以支持多个。
2、HDFS-HA自动故障转移工作机制
HA的自动故障转移依赖于ZooKeeper的以下功能:
1)故障检测:集群中的每个NameNode在ZooKeeper中维护了一个持久会话,如果机器崩溃,ZooKeeper中的会话将终止,ZooKeeper通知另一个NameNode需要触发故障转移。
2)现役NameNode选择:ZooKeeper提供了一个简单的机制用于唯一的选择一个节点为active状态。如果目前现役NameNode崩溃,另一个节点可能从ZooKeeper获得特殊的排外锁以表明它应该成为现役NameNode。
ZKFC是自动故障转移中的另一个新组件,是ZooKeeper的客户端,也监视和管理NameNode的状态。每个运行NameNode的主机也运行了一个ZKFC进程,ZKFC负责:
1)健康监测:ZKFC使用一个健康检查命令定期地ping与之在相同主机的NameNode,只要该NameNode及时地回复健康状态,ZKFC认为该节点是健康的。如果该节点崩溃,冻结或进入不健康状态,健康监测器标识该节点为非健康的。
2)ZooKeeper会话管理:当本地NameNode是健康的,ZKFC保持一个在ZooKeeper中打开的会话。如果本地NameNode处于active状态,ZKFC也保持一个特殊的znode锁,该锁使用了ZooKeeper对短暂节点的支持,如果会话终止,锁节点将自动删除。
3)基于ZooKeeper的选择:如果本地NameNode是健康的,且ZKFC发现没有其它的节点当前持有znode锁,它将为自己获取该锁。如果成功,则它已经赢得了选择,并负责运行故障转移进程以使它的本地NameNode为Active。故障转移进程与前面描述的手动故障转移相似,首先如果必要保护之前的现役NameNode,然后本地NameNode转换为Active状态。
3、hdfs搭建HA配置(2.6.7Hadoop、3节点(master、node1、node2))
1)、防火墙
service iptables stop
2)、时间同步
yum install ntp
ntpdate -u s2c.time.edu.cn
3)、免密钥 (远程执行命令)(配置文件/etc/profile三台最好一样,同步)
在两个主节点生成密钥文件
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh-copy-id ip
master–>master,node1,node2
node1–>master,node1,node2
4)、修改hadoop配置文件(文件在文章最后附带)
core-site.xml
hdfs-site.xml
同步到其它节点
scp * node1:`pwd`
scp * node2:`pwd`
5)、删除hadoop数据存储目录下的文件 每个节点都需要删除
rm -rf /usr/local/soft/hadoop-2.7.6/tmp
6)、启动zookeeper 三台都需要启动
zkServer.sh start
zkServer.sh status
7)、启动JN 存储hdfs元数据
三台JN上执行 启动命令:
hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
8)、格式化 在一台NN上执行
hdfs namenode -format
启动当前的NN
hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
9)、执行同步 没有格式化的NN上执行 在另外一个namenode上面执行
hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby
10)、格式化ZK 在已经启动的namenode上面执行
一定要先把zk集群正常启动起来
hdfs zkfc -formatZK
11)、启动hdfs集群,在启动了namenode的节点上执行
start-dfs.sh
4、yarn 高可用(2.6.7Hadoop、3节点(master、node1、node2))
1)、修改配置文件(文件在文章最后附带)
yarn-site.xml
mapred-site.xml
同步到所有节点
2)、启动yarn 在master启动
start-yarn.sh
3)、在另外一台主节点上启动RM
yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager
5、注意点
断网会导致高可用的失败,主要是因为隔离机制的原因,所以以后在配置隔离方式的时候可以配多一点(比如脚本什么的)防止出现上述情况
6、附带文件
1)、core-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://cluster</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/usr/local/soft/hadoop-2.7.6/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.trash.interval</name>
<value>1440</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>master:2181,node1:2181,node2:2181</value>
</property>
</configuration>
2)、hdfs-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<!-- 指定hdfs元数据存储的路径 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>/usr/local/soft/hadoop-2.7.6/data/namenode</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定hdfs数据存储的路径 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>/usr/local/soft/hadoop-2.7.6/data/datanode</value>
</property>
<!-- 数据备份的个数 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<!-- 关闭权限验证 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.permissions.enabled</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启WebHDFS功能(基于REST的接口服务) -->
<property>
<name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- //以下为HDFS HA的配置// -->
<!-- 指定hdfs的nameservices名称为mycluster -->
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>
<value>cluster</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定cluster的两个namenode的名称分别为nn1,nn2 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.cluster</name>
<value>nn1,nn2</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置nn1,nn2的rpc通信端口 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster.nn1</name>
<value>master:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster.nn2</name>
<value>node1:8020</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置nn1,nn2的http通信端口 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster.nn1</name>
<value>master:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster.nn2</name>
<value>node1:50070</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定namenode元数据存储在journalnode中的路径 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
<value>qjournal://master:8485;node1:8485;node2:8485/cluster</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定journalnode日志文件存储的路径 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
<value>/usr/local/soft/hadoop-2.7.6/data/journal</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定HDFS客户端连接active namenode的java类 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.cluster</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置隔离机制为ssh -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>sshfence</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定秘钥的位置 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
<value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启自动故障转移 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</configuration>
3)、yarn-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->
<configuration>
<!-- NodeManager上运行的附属服务,需配置成mapreduce_shuffle才可运行MapReduce程序 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置Web Application Proxy安全代理(防止yarn被攻击) -->
<property>
<name>yarn.web-proxy.address</name>
<value>master:8888</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启日志 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置日志删除时间为7天,-1为禁用,单位为秒 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds</name>
<value>604800</value>
</property>
<!-- 修改日志目录 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir</name>
<value>/logs</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置nodemanager可用的资源内存 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
<value>2048</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置nodemanager可用的资源CPU -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores</name>
<value>2</value>
</property>
<!-- //以下为YARN HA的配置// -->
<!-- 开启YARN HA -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 启用自动故障转移 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定YARN HA的名称 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name>
<value>yarncluster</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定两个resourcemanager的名称 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name>
<value>rm1,rm2</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置rm1,rm2的主机 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name>
<value>master</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name>
<value>node1</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置YARN的http端口 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm1</name>
<value>master:8088</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm2</name>
<value>node1:8088</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置zookeeper的地址 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name>
<value>master:2181,node1:2181,node2:2181</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置zookeeper的存储位置 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-state-store.parent-path</name>
<value>/rmstore</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启yarn resourcemanager restart -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.recovery.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置resourcemanager的状态存储到zookeeper中 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.store.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.recovery.ZKRMStateStore</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启yarn nodemanager restart -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.recovery.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置nodemanager IPC的通信端口 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.address</name>
<value>0.0.0.0:45454</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4)、mapred-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<!-- 指定MapReduce计算框架使用YARN -->
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定jobhistory server的rpc地址 -->
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
<value>node1:10020</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定jobhistory server的http地址 -->
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
<value>node1:19888</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启uber模式(针对小作业的优化) -->
<property>
<name>mapreduce.job.ubertask.enable</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置启动uber模式的最大map数 -->
<property>
<name>mapreduce.job.ubertask.maxmaps</name>
<value>9</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置启动uber模式的最大reduce数 -->
<property>
<name>mapreduce.job.ubertask.maxreduces</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>